Physics Paper 2 Flashcards
Scalar quantity have?
magnitude
Vector quantity have?
magnitude + direction
What is weight?
Weight is the force acting on an object due to gravity
What is weight measure with?
newtonmeter
What is it call when s tring does return back to normal?
inelastic deformation
What is displacement?
the distance an object moves, measured in a straight line from the start point to the finish point and the direction of that straight line
What type of quantity is displacemnt?
Vector quantity
Typical speed for someone Walking ?
1.5m/s
Typical speed for someone Running ?
3 m/s
Typical speed for someone Cycling?
6 m/s.
Speed of sound in air?
330 m/s
What is velocity?
its speed in a given direction
What type of quantity is velocity?
Vector
What happens to speed of an object going down passing water?
An object falling through a fluid initially accelerates due to the force of gravity. Eventually the resultant force will be zero and the object will move at its terminal velocity.
What is newtons first law?
Unless acted on by a resultant force object at rest will stay in rest and object in motion will stay in motion
If resulant force=o then its either stationary or moving at constant sped
What is inertia?
The tendency for the motion of an object to remain unchanged.
What is Netwons second law?
The acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
What is inertial mass?
inertial mass is a measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object
How to calculate inertial mass?
force/acceleration
What is newtons third law?
Whenever two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite.
What is stopping distance.
The sum of the thinking distance and the stopping distance.
What 4 things can affect the thinking distance?
tiredness, drugs alcohol and distraction
What things affect brakeing distance?
poor condition of the vehicle,weather conditions,adverse road(wet or icy road)
Explain what what happens when force applied to break and how it slows down the car?
work done by the friction force between the brakes and the wheel reduces the kinetic energy of the vehicle and the temperature of the brakes increases.
If a vehicle has a higher speed what also increases to stop the vehicle?
Bracking force.
What does a greater Bracking force lead to?
Greater deceleration which can lead to brakes overheating and/or loss of control.
What is the units for momentum?
kilogram metres per second(kg m/s)
What type of quantity is momentum?
Vector.
What is conservation of momentum?
When In a closed system, the total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after the event.
What are 2 types of Waves?
Transversal and Longitudal
What do all waves do?
Transfer energy from one place to another.
What is the movement of waves up and down called?
Oscillation
What is a key fact for transversal waves?
The oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.
Give an example of transversal and longitudal waves.
Transversal:Ripple on water surface.
Longitudal:sound waves travelling through air
What is a key fact for transversal waves?
Oscillaton are parallel to direction of energy transfer.
What do all longitudanal waves require?
A medium to travel in( air , liquid or solid)
What is amplitude of wave?
The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of a point on a wave away from its undisturbed position.
What is the wave lenght of a wave?
The distance from a point on one wave to the equivalent point on the next wave.
What is the compression and rarefaction on longitudinal waves?
Compression is where waves are compact close together and rarefcation are where waves are spread out.
What is frequency of waves?
is the number of waves passing a point each second.
How is period measure in?
Seconds
What is waves speed(m/s) equal to?
frequency(hertz) x wavelenght(meter)
What is wave speed.
Speed at which waves move through medium
What type of waves are electromagnetic waves?
Transverese Waves.
What do electromagnetic waves do?
Transfer energy from source of the waves to an absorber.
List the order of Waves from longer Wavelenght low frequency to short wavelenght high frequency.
Radiowaves, Microwave I,nfared ,Visible light ,Ultraviolet, Xray ,Gamma ray
What is acronym for list of waves.
Raw meat is very unsanitart eXcept girrafe.
What can Waves do when they change speed,move from one medium to another
Change Direction
When waves slow down where do they bend forward ?
Towards the normal
When waves Speed up where do they bend forward ?
Away from the normal
When electromagnetic waves are generated or absorbed what happens to atom or nuclei.
Changes take place in the atom or nuclie
What happens when we heat atom.
Cause electron to move from one energy level to a higher one .When electron returns it generated electromagnetic waves.
How does gamma rays orginate.
Gamma rays originate from changes in the nucleus of an atom.
What 3 ways are hazerdous?
Ultraviolet waves, X-rays and gamma rays
What do ultraviolet waves do?
cause skin to age prematurely and increase the risk of skin cancer
What are/do xray and gamma rays do?
X-rays and gamma rays are ionising radiation that can cause the mutation of genes and cancer.
What are Radiowaves used for?
television and radio
What are microwaves used for?
satellite communications, cooking food
What are infared used for?
electrical heaters, cooking food, infrared cameras
What are ultraviolet used for?
energy efficient lamps, sun tanning
What are visible light used for?
fibre optic communications
What are X-rays and gamma rays used for?
medical imaging and treatments.
How can radiowaves be produced?
When electron osscilate in electrical circuits they produce radiowaves.These radiowaves can be absorbed by e.g(an electrical circuit in an aerial).This causes electrons in in the circuit to osscilate..This creates an alternating current with the same frequency as radiowaves.
What is a permament magnet.
A permanent magnet produces its own magnetic field
What is an induced magnet.
An induced magnet is a material that becomes a magnet when it is placed in a magnetic field
Induced magnets will always cause.
A force of attraction.
What are the 4 magnetic material
Cobalt
Iron
Nickel
Steel
Acronym for magnetic material?
CO -Cobalt
I - IRONS
N -NICKELS
S - STEEL
Direction for magnets.
North to South
What do we use Flemming right hand rule for?
Direction of magnetic field.
A coiled up wire that increases magnetic strenght is called?
Solanoid.
What are 3 ways we can increase the strenght of an magnetic field in a solanoid?
Increases size of the current
Increases number of turns in coil
Place iron inside solanoid.(Iron core)
What is an electro magent?
A solenoid containing iron core
In flemming left had rule list the finger.
thumb- Direction
First Finger Field(N to S)
Second finger(Current + to -)
