Physics Paper 2

Question 1

Contact force

Answer 1

When objects physically touch e.g. normal reaction force. friction, air resistance and tension

Question 2

Non-contact force

Answer 2

When objects do not touch e.g. magnetism, electrostatic force and gravity

Question 3

Scalar

Answer 3

Only has magnitude

Question 4

Vector

Answer 4

Has Magnitude and direction

Question 5

Gravitational field strength

Answer 5

Here on Earth is is 9.8N/kg

Question 6

Springs

Answer 6

Any object that defors elastially will return to its original shape and must obe Hookes Law.

Question 7

Springs RP

Answer 7

Add masses onto spring to change force (e.g. 100g=1N)

Measure extention with ruler at each weight, plot F against E

Gradient of graph= Spring constant

Avoid systematic error by lining up 0cm with bottom of spring

Avoid parallax error by getting on eye level when measuring

Question 8

Distance time graph

Answer 8

gives you speed/velocity

Question 9

Velocity time graph

Answer 9

gives you acceleration

Area under graph gives you distance/displacement

Question 10

Newtons 1st Law

Answer 10

If the forces are balenced then the object will remain at constant velocity or stay stationary

Question 11

Newtons 2nd Law

Answer 11

Force = mass x acceleration

Question 12

Newtons 3rd Law

Answer 12

For every force there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 13

Force = mass x acceleration RP

Answer 13

Accelerate trolly on track with slotted mass on string over pully

Use light/photogated to measure acceleration

Change force by removing masses and placing on trolley (to keep total mass the same)

Plot F against a, gradient= total mass

Question 14

Stopping distance

Answer 14

=Thinking distance + braking distance

Thinking distance is affected by:
-speed
-distractions
-alcohol
-drugs
-tiredness

Braking distance is affected by:
Weather conditions
condidtion of brakes,tyres and road

Question 15

Momentum

Answer 15

=M x V

In any collision, Total momentum is always conserved

Question 16

Longitudinal waves

Answer 16

The direction of oscillation is parralel to the direction of energy transfer e.g. sound
Consists of COMPRESSIONS and RAREFRACTIONS.

Question 17

Transverse waves

Answer 17

The direction of oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer e.g. water waves or light

Question 18

Wavelength

Answer 18

Length of one complete wave

Question 19

Time period

Answer 19

The time taken for one wave to pass by a specififc point

Question 20

Frequency

Answer 20

The number of waves that pass every second

Question 21

Electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 21

Long to short Wavlength

Radio waves-Phones,tv,wifi

Microwaves-cooking

Infared- cooking

Visisble light-vision

Ultra violet-Tanning,cause cancer

X-rays-medical scans,also dangerous

Gamma rays-sterilising medical treatment also dangerous

Question 22

Infared RP

Answer 22

Use leslie cube with infared thermometer or tubes wrapped in different materials under source e.g. IR lamp , shiny materials are the worse, anything black works best

Question 23

Refraction

Answer 23

When waves enter a new medium (material) their speed changes, so does their angle

only need to draw rays not wavefronts

if wave slows down it bends towards the NORMAL

That means the angle of refraction is smaller than the angle of incidence

if speed decreases, wavelength also does, while frequency stays constant

when light exits it speeds up again and bends away from the NORMAL

Question 24

Permanent magnets and induced magnets

Answer 24

Permanent magnets always produce a magnetic field, where as induced magnets become magnetised when in another magnetic field

Question 25

How to visualise Magnetic fields

Answer 25

Using mini compasses around the magnets

Question 26

The motor effect

Answer 26

A current carrying wire in a magnetic field will experience a force (use flemmings left hand rule)

Question 27

Flux density RP

Answer 27

-Place magnet on balence
-Tare balence, measure mass when current flows
-convert to newtons using scale factor
-Measure length of wire in field
-rearrange F=BIL to Calculate B

Question 28

Split ring commutator

Answer 28

Needed to ensure that the current is reversed every half turn, in order to the coil spinning.