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Physics chapter 4 test > Physics Memorization > Flashcards

Physics Memorization Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hypothesis

A

A prediction, based on a theory, so it shows the understanding of an expirement.

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2
Q

explanatory, response and lurking variables are:

A
  1. an explanatory variable is a variable that is planned, expected, and applied.
  2. A response variable is a variable is something that is also planned, and is also explainable because it is something that happened in reaction in the experiment.
  3. A lurking variable is something that happens over time in an experiment slowly effecting how the experiment goes in a negative way.
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3
Q

What is truth

A

The way things really are, all the time, for everyone, everywhere, it never changess.

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4
Q

What is a fact

A

Facts are learned through expirement, observations, inferences, and are only true as far as we know is evident. Bi=ut it is changeable through discovery of new data.

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5
Q

Whats the cycle of scientific interprise

A

Hypothesis, expirement, analysis, theory

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6
Q

what units are for measuring in the SI system?

A

Length - meter
Mass/weight - grams
Time - seconds

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7
Q

Accuracy:

A

freedom from error

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8
Q

precision:

A

the degree of fineness

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9
Q

Distance equation

A

d = vt

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10
Q

Acceleration equation

A

a = vf - vi (m/s) / t

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11
Q

slope intercept formula:

A

y = mx + b

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12
Q

negative acceleration:

A

deceleration

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13
Q

Aristotle

A

Greek philospher, born 384 BC

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14
Q

What order did people think the universe was ordered.

A

1 earth
2 moon
3 mercury
4 venus
5 sun
6 mars
7 jupiter
8 saturn
9 firmament (star orb)
10 primum mobile (realm of the gods)
11 emporeum (realm of god of gods)

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15
Q

capernicus

A

polish astronemer born 1473-1543, first to prupose that sun was center of universe, his model used epicycles

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16
Q

tycho brahe

A

danish astronemer, 1546-1601, he charted and noted most of the stars very well, he recorded and confirmed super novas, and proved copernicus’ model correct

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17
Q

johanes kepler

A

tychos assistant and german astronemer, developed three laws of planetary motion

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18
Q

Galileo Galilae

A

Italian astronemer, 1564-1642, hypothesized that force is needed to change motion, first to look into space with a telescope, figured out there are moons.

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19
Q

Isaac Newton

A

British mathmetician, 1643-1727 developed calculus, develpoped three laws of motion

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20
Q

Albert Einstein

A

Jewish - German scientist 1879-1955, developed theory of relativity

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21
Q

metric prefixes (fractions):

A

centi - 100
milli - 1,000
micro - 1,000,000
nano - 1,000,000,000

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22
Q

Metric prefixes (multiples):

A

kilo - 1,000
mega - 1,000,000
giga - 1,000,000,000

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23
Q

ft = mi

A

5280 ft = 1 mi

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24
Q

ft = yd

A

3 ft = 1 yd

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25
Q

cm = in

A

2.54 cm = 1 in

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26
Q

speed of light

A

c = 3 x 10^8 m/s

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27
Q

acceleration due to gravity

A

g = 9.80 m/s^2

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28
Q

Newtons three laws

A

1 an object will not change it’s motion unless a force acts on it.
2 f = ma.
3 when two objects interact with each other, they apply forces to each other of equal magnitude and opposite direction.

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29
Q

What is a theory

A

a mental model

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30
Q

velicoty definition

A

How fast something is going, or How fast the distance between an object and it’s starting point increases

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31
Q

acceleration equation

A

a = vf - vi (m/s) / t

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32
Q

distance equation

A

d = vt

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33
Q

slope intercept form

A

y = mx+b

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34
Q

an upwards ark on a graph showing speed and distance is

A

acceleration

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35
Q

time equation

A

t = d/v

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36
Q

force equation

A

f = ma

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37
Q

weight equation

A

Fw = mg

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38
Q

What does a rocket to

A

when fuel comes out of a spout, and the fuel pushes on the rocket, and the rocket pushes on the fuel

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39
Q

momentum equation

A

P = mv

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40
Q

The law of conservation

A

in any interaction the total momentum of all objects stays the same

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41
Q

the law of conservaiton of energy

A

energy can not be created or destroyed, it can only changed in form.

42
Q

kinetic energy equations

A

EK=1/2mv^2

43
Q

gravitational poteential energy equation

A

Eg = mgh

44
Q

Work equation

A

W = Fd

45
Q

W means:

A

work

46
Q

Forms of energy

A
  1. Gravitational potential
  2. Kinetic
  3. Electromagnetic radiation
  4. Chemical potential
  5. Electrical
  6. Thermal
  7. Elastic potential
  8. Nuclear
  9. Acoustic
47
Q

definition of work

A

a mechanical process by which energy energy is transformed from one form to another

note: you don’t have work, you DO work

48
Q

Heat definition

A

Heat is energy that is in transit, flowing from a hot substance to a cooler substance

49
Q

Friction definition

A

It is a force opposing the momentum of an object, and the result of friction is heat

50
Q

Momentum equation

A

P=mv

51
Q

Boiling points

A

Kelvin: 373.15
Celsius: 100
Farenheit: 212

52
Q

Freezing points

A

Kelvin: 273.1
Celsius: 0
Farenheit: 32

53
Q

thermal energy

A

the energy something has because it is heated up

54
Q

Internal energy

A

the total of all the kinetic energy because of the atoms and/or molecules in an object

55
Q

Absolute zero

A

when the tempurature is so cold that all motion stops, all types of energy sieze.

56
Q

thermal equilibrim

A

heat will always flow from an object of higher tempuratuture to an object of lower temputatutre, thermal equilibrium is when the two objects have balanced their temperature and flow of energy.

57
Q

Three ways you can transfer heat

A

Conduction
Convection
Radiation

58
Q

Conduction

A

(For Solids) When vibrations from atoms are transferred to nearby atoms because the atoms are linked together spreading the energy over the substance

59
Q

Convection

A

(For Liquids) When the heated molecules are free to move around, like in a liquid.

60
Q

Radiation

A
61
Q

kinetic energy equation

A

K.E. = 1/2 m v^2

62
Q

specific heat capacity

A
63
Q

what has the highest heat capacity out of any substance

A

water

64
Q

thermal conductivity

A

a measure of how well a material will transfer heat within its own atomic structure by conduction

65
Q

best non-metal conductor

A

rock

66
Q

best conductor

A

metal

67
Q

speed that something heats up

A

heat capacity

68
Q

how much heat something can hold

A
69
Q

Velocity equation (Waves)

A

v = λf

70
Q

Period equation

A

τ=1/f

71
Q

Amplitude

A

How far from the middle (average) the wave travels

72
Q

Trough

A

the bottom of the wave

73
Q

Crest or Peak

A

the top of the wave

74
Q

Mechanical waves

A

Need a medium such as water or air

75
Q

Transverse waves

A

Wherer the source of the wave is perpendicular to the direction the wave is going

76
Q

Longitudinal waves

A

the direction of the wave is going the same direction of it’s source

77
Q

Circular waves

A

Like on water, any object floating on the hypothetical 2-D wave will go in a circular motion

78
Q

if a wave is electromagnetic what is it’s velocity

A

the speed of light (c = 3 x 10^8 m/s)

79
Q

Wavelength velocity equation

A

v = λf

80
Q

if something is in hertz than it’s a

A

frquency

81
Q

Equation for the period of a wave

A

τ = 1/f

82
Q

Reflection

A

when the angle of incidence bounces off and equals the angle of reflection

83
Q

Original wave

A

incendent wave

84
Q

Refraction

A

When a wave changes direction due to it’s speed, if something is hindering it, like glass.

85
Q

DIspersion

A

The amount that light refracts depends on it’s wavelength

86
Q

Normal is a scientific synonym for

A

perpindicular

87
Q

Diffraction

A

When waves bend around a cornerof an obstruction.

88
Q

Interferance

A

This is when two waves arive at the same place at the same time, but the have to arrive in phase

89
Q

MKS measurement for energy

A

Hertz

90
Q

Supersonic

A

faster than the speed of sound

91
Q

Ultrasonic

A

Frequencies that are too high to hear

92
Q

Subsonic

A

slower than the speed of sound

93
Q

infrasonic

A

Frequency too low to hear

94
Q

Loudness

A

Higher energy = larger amplitude = louder sound

95
Q

Wave length equation

A

λ = v/f

96
Q

timbre

A

each intrument has it’s own combination of harmonic frequincies that resonate in the intrument.

97
Q

Electromagnetic waves

A

They aren’t mechanical and can travel through anything including vaccumes.

98
Q

Polarization

A

When all the light is filtered to go one direction

99
Q

Rainbow

A

Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet

100
Q

EM Spectrum, Larget wave length to smallest

A

AM, FM, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-ray, Gamma

Physics chapter 4 test (5 decks)

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