physics - material and density Flashcards
What is a linear and non-linear relationships between two quantities?
- If a graph is plotted and the line of best fit is straight then we say that there is a linear relationship between the two quantities on the x and y axes.
- If the line is not straight then it is non-linear.
What is meant by a directly proportional relationship between two quantities?
the line of best fit is straight and goes through the origin then there is a directly proportional relationship between the two quantities.
What is the spring constant?
The spring constant is the amount of force needed to stretch (or compress) a material by 1 m.
- the unit is N/m
How do you determine spring constant from a force extension graph?
The spring constant is the gradient of the straight part of a force-extension graph when force is on the y-axis and extension on the x-axis.
What is the relationship between force, spring constant, and extension?
Force = spring constant × extension
What is Hooke’s law?
The extension of a material is directly proportional to the force applied up to the limit of proportionality (elastic limit)
On a force extension graph where is the limit of proportionality?
It is the point at
which it begins to curve.
What is meant by elastic deformation?
An object which is stretched (or compressed) will return to its original length when the force is removed if it hasn’t passed the limit of proportionality.
What is meant by inelastic deformation?
An object which is stretched (or compressed) will not return to its original length when the force is removed if it has passed the limit of proportionality. There will be permanent deformation.
How do you carry out a force extension experiment accurately?
Set up a clamp stand with a spring. Clamp a ruler making sure it is vertical with a set square. Make sure the zero of the ruler is at the bottom of the spring. Add masses and record the extension of the ruler each time. Make sure to measure the extension at eye-level.
What is the relationship between mass,
volume, and density?
Density = mass/volume
How do you measure the volume of regular
shaped objects accurately?
width × length × height
How do you measure the volume of irregular shaped objects accurately?
Fill a Eureka can to the spout with water. Add your irregular object to the water and allow the water to run into a measuring cylinder. The volume of the water displaced is the volume of the object.
How do you measure the mass of an object accurately?
Place a digital balance on a flat surface and zero it before placing the object on it.
What do we mean by “uncertainty” in a measurement?
Uncertainty is the range of values in which we expect the true value of a measurement to lie.