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physics formulae Flashcards

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1
Q

speed

A

distance/time

unit: m/s

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2
Q

velocity

A

displacement/time

unit: m/s

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3
Q

2 formulae of acceleration

when given velocity, initial velocity, final velocity

A

velocity/time
v-u/t
unit: m/s²

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4
Q

T, time

A

1/f

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5
Q

1st eq of linear motion
velocity equals??
when given initial velocity, acceleration

A

u + at

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6
Q

2nd eq of linear motion
displacement, s equals??
when given final velocity, time

A

1/2(u + v)t

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7
Q

3rd eq of linear motion
displacement, s equals??
just guess bitch

A

ut + 1/2at²

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8
Q

4th eq of linear motion
velocity squared equals??
when given displacement

A

u² + 2as

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9
Q

gradient of displacement-time graph represents

A

velocity

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10
Q

area under graph of velocity time graph is

A

distance travelled

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11
Q

gradient of velocity time graph is

A

acceleration

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12
Q

formula for momentum

A

mass x velocity

unit: kg/ms

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13
Q

formula for elastic collision

A

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2

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14
Q

formula for inelastic collision

A

m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1+m2)v

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15
Q

formula for explosion

A

0 = m1v1 + m2v2

hence, m1v1 = -m2v2

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16
Q

formula for force, F

A

mass x acceleration

unit: N or kg/ms²

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17
Q

formula for force

when given final velocity and time

A

mv-mu/t

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18
Q

net force

A

total force - frictional force

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19
Q

impulse, I (2 eq)

when given force, mass, final velocity

A

Ft
mv-mu
unit: Ns or kg/ms

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20
Q

impulsive force, F

A

mv-mu/t

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21
Q

force is inversely proportional to

A

time

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22
Q

weight, W

A

mass x gravitational acceleration (mg)

unit: N

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23
Q

what is the value of g?

A

9.8 or 10 m/s²

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24
Q

what is G?

A

universal gravitational constant

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25
Q

Newton’s law of gravity

A

F = Gm1m2/r²

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26
Q

gravitational force of body on Earth’s surface, F

A

GMm/R²
M = mass of Earth (5.98 x 10^24)
R = radius of Earth

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27
Q

gravitational force between Earth & Satellite, F

A

GMm/(R + h)²

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28
Q

gravitational force between Earth & Sun, F

A

GMm/r²

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29
Q

centripetal force, Fc

A

mv²/r

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30
Q

determining mass of sun or earth, M

A

4π²R³/GT²

values vary according to sun or earth

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31
Q

acceleration of satellites

A

v² / r

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32
Q

force = ma AND also?

A

mg

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33
Q

relationship between orbital period, T and radius of orbit

A

T³/r³ = 4π²/GM

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34
Q

kepler’s 3rd law eq

A

(T1)² / (R1)³ = (T2)² / (R2)³

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35
Q

speed of satellite

hint: centripetal force = gravitational force

A

v = square root GM/r

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36
Q

escape velocity

hint: kinetic energy = weight

A

v = square root 2GM/R

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37
Q

another eq for v

A

square root 2gG

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38
Q

reading a thermometer temperature

A

l(θ) - l(ice point) x 100 C

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39
Q

heat capacity, Q

A

Cθ

unit: J/C

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40
Q

specific heat capacity, c

A

mcθ

unit: J/kg/C

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41
Q

heat capacity, Q also equal to?

A

Pt

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42
Q

hence, Pt equal to?

A

mcθ

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43
Q

unit of power, P

A

watt, W

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44
Q

specific latent heat, l

A

ml

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45
Q

when heat transfer involved

A

mcθ=ml

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46
Q

amount of heat needed to heat ice at 0 C to water at

25 C

A

mL + mcθ

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47
Q

what is mL stand for

A

heat needed to change ice at 0 C to water at 0 C

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48
Q

what is mcθ stand for

A

heat needed to change water at 0 C to water at 25 C

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49
Q

boyle’s law

A

P inversely proportional to V

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50
Q

PV equal to

A

constant, k

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51
Q

eq for boyle’s law

A

P1V1 = P2V2

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52
Q

pressure law

A

P ∝ T

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53
Q

eq for pressure law

A

P1/T1 = P2/T2

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54
Q

Charles’ law

A

V ∝ T

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55
Q

eq for Charles’ law

A

V1/T1 = V2/T2

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56
Q

frequency, f of waves

A

number of oscillations/time taken

herts, Hz

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57
Q

wavelength, λ

A

v = fλ

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58
Q

when you want to compare 2 velocity of wave

A

v1/λ1 = v2/λ2

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59
Q

capital V stands for

A

volume

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60
Q

when you want to compare 2 frequency of wave

A

f1λ1 = f2λ2

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61
Q

that one experiment with two speakers, find distance and whatever

A

λ = ax (over)

D

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62
Q

what does D stand for

A

distance between screen and double slit

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63
Q

what does x stand for

A

distance between fringes

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64
Q

what does a stand for

A

separation of slit

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65
Q

that diagram where they echo at a wall, how do to find distance

A

velocity sound x time. (over)

2

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66
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

G - X - U - visible light - I - M - R

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67
Q

going up electromagnetic spectrum, the frequency

A

increases

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68
Q

going down electromagnetic spectrum, the λ

A

decreases

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69
Q

speed of light, c

A

fλ

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70
Q

how many formulas for refractive index, n

A

4

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71
Q

when given angle of incident and refraction, eq to find n is

A

sin i/sin r

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72
Q

when given speed of light, eq to find n is

A

c/v

v = speed of light in medium

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73
Q

value of speed of light

A

3 x 10^8

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74
Q

when given real depth & apparent depth, eq to find n is

A

real depth/apparent depth

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75
Q

when given critical angle, eq to find n is

A

1/sin c

76
Q

power of lenses, P. if question mintak ans in metre

A

1/f

77
Q

power of lenses, P. if question mintak ans in cm

A

100/f

78
Q

what is unit of P

A

diopter (D) or m-1

79
Q

power of convex lens

A

+ve

80
Q

power of concave lens

A

-ve

81
Q

linear magnification, m

A

image distance/object distance Or

image height/object height

82
Q

when they wanna compare linear magnification, and they give distance & height

A

image distance. = image height

object distance. object height

83
Q

focal length, the formula start with 1/f

A

1/u + 1/v

84
Q

focal point of convex lens

A

+ve

85
Q

focal point of concave lens

A

-ve

86
Q

for real image, v (object distance) is

A

+ve

87
Q

for virtual image, v is

A

-ve

88
Q

for concave lens, v is always

A

-ve

89
Q

for convex & concave lens u is always

A

+ve

90
Q

focal length of compound microscope

compare between fo and fe

A

fo < fe

91
Q

magnification of compound microscope

A

mo x me

92
Q

focal length of astronomical telescope

compare between fo and fe

A

fo > fe

93
Q

magnification of astronomical telescope

A

fo/fe

94
Q

L, distance between 2 lenses

A

fo + fe

95
Q

FORM 5

A

bismillah

96
Q

in a graph of Fy against Fx, find magnitude of Fx

A

F cos θ

97
Q

find magnitude of Fy

A

F sin θ

98
Q

sine rule

A

x/sin opposite x = y/sin opposite y

99
Q

cosine rule

A

square root x² + y² - 2xy cosθ

100
Q

extension of spring

A

final length - initial length

101
Q

hooke’s law

A

force applied ∝ extension of spring

102
Q

k stands for

A

spring constant

103
Q

graph of Hooke’s law x against F

A

directly proportional

104
Q

formula Hooke’s law

A

F = kx

105
Q

according to graph, the limit is

A

gradient

106
Q

the stiffness of spring, the spring constant refer to

A

gradient

107
Q

area under graph of Hooke’s law

A

elastic potential energy

108
Q

elastic potential energy

A

1/2 Fx

109
Q

extension of springs arranged in series

A

x + x = 2x

110
Q

extension of springs arranged in parallel

A

x/2

111
Q

tension of springs arranged in parallel

A

F/2

112
Q

formula for P, liquid pressure

A

hpg

113
Q

h stand for

A

depth of liquid

114
Q

p stand for

A

density of liquid

115
Q

S.I unit for P

A

Pa

116
Q

1 Pa equal to

A

1 Nm-2 or 1 kg m-1 s-2

117
Q

comparing liquid pressure at 2 different points

A

P1 = P2

hence, h1p1 = h2p2

118
Q

atm pressure at sea level

A

100 000 Pa or 100 kPa

119
Q

actual pressure

A

hpg + P(atm)

120
Q

millimetres of mercury

A

mm Hg

121
Q

pascal’s principle

A

F2/A2 = F1/A1

122
Q

value for multiplying factor

A

A2/A1

123
Q

volume of solid in water is same as

A

volume of water displaced

124
Q

volume of water displaced

A

V = Ah

125
Q

formula for density, p

A

m/v

126
Q

force acting on surface of submerged solid

A

F = PA

127
Q

buoyant force, F equal to

A

pVg

128
Q

floating object
compare its W to Fb
resultant force

A

W = Fb

resultant force = 0

129
Q

sinking object
compare its W to Fb
resultant force

A

W > Fb

resultant force = downwards

130
Q

object rising up
compare its W to Fb
resultant force

A

W < Fb

resultant force = upwards

131
Q

formula for electric field strength, E at any given point in an electric field

A

F/q (electric force/quantity of electric charge)

132
Q

s.i unit for E is for the first formula is

A

N/C

133
Q

formula for electric field strength, E produced by 2 parallel charged plates

A

V/d

134
Q

s.i unit for E is for the second formula is

A

V/m

135
Q

s.i unit for charge is

A

coloumb, C

136
Q

formula for current, I

A

Q/t

137
Q

S.I unit for current is

A

ampere,(A)

C/s

138
Q

formula for potential difference, V if given work done

A

W/Q

139
Q

formula for potential difference, V if given energy transferred

A

E/Q

140
Q

s.i unit for V

A

volt, V

J/C

141
Q

value of charge of an electron

A

1.6 x 10^ -19 C

142
Q

1 C is equivalent to how many electrons

A

6.25 x 10^18 electrons

143
Q

ohms law

A

V = IR

144
Q

current flowing through resistor in a series circuit

A

I = I1 = I2 = I3

145
Q

potential difference in a series circuit

A

V = V1 + V2 + V3

146
Q

effective resistance in a series circuit

A

R = R1 + R2 + R3

147
Q

current flowing through resistor in a parallel circuit

A

I = I1 + I2 + I3

148
Q

potential difference in a parallel circuit

A

V = V1 = V2 = V3

149
Q

effective resistance in a parallel circuit

A

1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

150
Q

compare resistivity of Cu, constantan and nichrome

A

Cu has lowest resistivity

Nichrome has highest resistivity

151
Q

formula of resistance, R when given length and area of cross-section of wire

A

pl/A

p= resistivity of material

152
Q

formula for ε, emf

A

E/Q

153
Q

S.I unit for emf

A

volt, (V)

J/C

154
Q

formula for internal resistance, Ir

A

ε - V

155
Q

find value of ε when given external resistance and internal resistance

A

ε = I (R + r)

156
Q

emf of cells arranged in series

A

re = r + r + r + r

157
Q

emf of cells arranged in parallel

A

1/re = 1/r + 1/r + 1/r

158
Q

value of current in parallel circuit when given ε and external resistance

A

ε / R + re

159
Q

formula for electrical energy when given current

A

VIt

160
Q

formula for electrical power, P when given electrical energy

A

E/t

161
Q

formula for P, when given current

A

VI

162
Q

s.i unit for P

A

watt (W)

J/s

163
Q

formula derived from ohm’s law and P when given V

A

V²/R

164
Q

formula derived from ohm’s law and P when given I

A

I²R

165
Q

total electrical energy is measured in

A

1 kWh

166
Q

step down transformer, compare Ns and Np

A

Ns < Np

167
Q

step up transformer, compare Ns and Np

A

Ns > Np

168
Q

relationship between Ns, Np, Vs and Vp

A

Vs/Vp = Ns/Np

169
Q

formula for efficiency, fancy n

A

output power/input power x 100

170
Q

relationship between output power and input power

A

VpIp = VsIs

171
Q

relationship between Vs and P

A

VsIs = P

172
Q

formula of electrical potential energy, E of an electron

A

eV

173
Q

relate electrical potential energy with kinetic energy

A

eV = 1/2mv(max)²

174
Q

amplification factor of transistor can be found in graph of Ic against Ib by

A

looking at the gradient

175
Q

concept of potential divider, how find V(out)

A

R2. over. x V(in)

R1 + R2

176
Q

what happens to A and Z in an alpha decay

A

A - 4

Z - 2

177
Q

what happens to A and Z in beta decay

A

A remains same

Z + 1

178
Q

what happens to A and Z in gamma decay

A

remains same

179
Q

concept of half life, what happens No

A

No/2 - No/4 - No/8

180
Q

formula to find no of half life, n

A

t/half life

181
Q

formula for A, final activity

A

(1/2)^n x Ao

182
Q

mass defect, m when given mass before & after fission

A

mass before fission - mass after fision

183
Q

formula for energy released during nuclear reaction, E

A

mc²

184
Q

value of atomic mass unit, amu

A

1.667 x 10^ -27 kg

185
Q

how to convert mass defect in amu to kg

A

amu x 1.667 x 10^ -27 kg

physics (4 decks)

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