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Physics for radiography Flashcards

1
Q

3 Basic form of matter

A

Solid , liquid ,and gas

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2
Q

The quantity of matter that makes up any physical object

A

Mass

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3
Q

Located in an orbit around the nucleus of an atom

A

Electron

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4
Q

What’s a negative (-) electrical charge

A

Electron

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5
Q

Considered fundamental particles of atoms

A

Proton and neutron

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6
Q

When a neutral atom gains or loses an electron, the atom is said to be

A

Ionized

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7
Q

Mechanical energy can be classified as either kinetic energy

A

Potential energy

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8
Q

X-ray consist of

A

Electromagnetic energy

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9
Q

X-ray with greater energy have a shorter ___ and are more penetrating

A

Wavelength

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10
Q

Which electromagnetic energy has the shortest wavelength

A

Diagnostic rays

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11
Q

Characteristics of X-rays

A

They are highly penetrating and invisible
They travel in straight lines at the speed of light

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12
Q

Smallest possible unit of electromagnetic energy

A

Photon

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13
Q

The common unit of measurement for the potential difference across an X-ray tube is

A

volt

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14
Q

The purpose of a transformer is

A

Increase or decrease voltage

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15
Q

Which electron shell in the atom is most important for the production of X-ray

A

K

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16
Q

The name of the innermost shell of an atom that is important in radiology

A

K-shell

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17
Q

What’s the atomic name of the particles that circle the nucleus of the atom

A

Electron

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18
Q

Electrons are held in place in their shell by ?

A

Binding energy

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19
Q

One of the most important elements used in the production of an X-ray is

A

Tungsten

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20
Q

When an electron is removed from an atom in the human body the process is

A

Ionization

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21
Q

The official name of the type of X-ray energy that occurs in high frequency sine wave

A

Electromagnetic

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22
Q

In a sine wave the name given to the distance from one crest of the wave to another crest is

A

Wavelength

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23
Q

Unit of electromagnetic frequency is

A

Hertz

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24
Q

In the us and canada public utilities deliver electrical current at what frequency

A

60 cycles for 60 hertz per sec

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25
Diagnostic X-ray consist of what type of radiation on the electromagnetic spectrum
Ionizing
26
What type of wavelength do X-rays have
Very short
27
What type of frequency do X-rays have
Very high
28
5 characteristics of X-ray
1 have no más 2. Highly penetrating and invisible 3. Electrically neutral 4 travel in straight line 5 can ionize matter
29
Current is the quantity of electrons flowing in an electrical circuit . Current is measured in
amps or milliamperes
30
Potential difference is the force behind the current in an electrical circuit. This force is measured in
Volts or kilovolts
31
Typical X-ray tube operate in what kilo voltage range
50-125 kilovolts
32
Typical X-ray tube operates in what milliampere range
50-500 milliamperes
33
What type of current is delivered to homes in the us and Canada
Alternating
34
The process of changing AC to DC is called
Rectification
35
When an electrical current uses it’s magnetic field to create a secondary current the process called
Electromagnetic induction
36
Name of the device that produces the high voltage needed for X-ray production
Transformer
37
Name the two types of X-ray transformer that can raise or lower the voltage
Step up and step down
38
Quantum mottle
*under exposure When imaging system does not record the anatomy
39
Umbra
Actual anatomic area, body part, shown in the radiographic image
40
Penumbra
Unsharp edges of the umbra or body part
41
Compton effect
40-125 vp As kVP goes up Compton goes up - outer shell interaction
42
Photoelectron
True absorption No radiation comes out kVP goes up less photoelectron
43
Scatter radiation
Creates fog that reduces both contrast & the visibility of spatial resolution
44
4 fog
1. Volume of tissue 2. Higher kVP 3. Density of absorbing matter - denser the body part less scatter 4. Field size Collimation increased - scatter radiation fog increase
45
2 type of grid
Parallel and focus
46
Excessive absorption of useful radiation by the grid
Grid cutoff
47
High frequency grid that does not move during the exposure
Stationary grid
48
Dose creep
Rescaling without regard to appropriate exposure amount. Danger in relying on the system to fix image
49
Contrast resolution
Software ability to distinguish similar structure
50
Characteristics radiation
Created when an incoming electron interacts with the kshell electron and knocks it out of orbit
51
Bremsstrahlung
Created when incoming electron is suddenly slowed down , changes direction and leaves the tungsten atom ( braking) Produce a continuous X-ray spectrum
52
Roentgen discovered X-rays while working with an ___tube
Crooked
53
An “electron cloud” surrounding the filament of the cathode is referred to as a
Space charge
54
Free electrons for X-ray production come from the
filament
55
The creation of the space charge In the X-ray tube produces
Thermionic emission
56
The majority of photon in the X-ray beam are created by which process
Bremsstrahlung interaction
57
More then 99% of the energy of the electron stream is converted into
Heat
58
The high speed rotation (10,000) of the anode enables
Greater dissipation of heat from high technical factor
59
The degree of angulation of the X-ray tube target will determine the s
Size of the actual and effective focal spot
60
A dual- focus X-ray tube has
2 filament and 2 focal spots
61
The anode heel effect is a phenomenon of X-ray production that results in
Uneven distribution of radiation within the X-ray field
62
Potential difference
The force or speed of the electron flow in the current
63
Current
Is the quantity of electrons flowing in a circuit
64
Ampere
Is the unit used to measure the rate, or volume of current flow in the circuit
65
Step up transformer
Increases voltage from primary to secondary, amperage is decreased
66
Step down transformer
Decreases voltage from primary to secondary, amperage is increased

Xray (8 decks)

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