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physics finals year 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

list three forces

A

gravitational force, electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force

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2
Q

what is gravitational force

A

it is a non contact force which is responsible for attractive interactions between masses.

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3
Q

which law is related to gravitational force.

A

the force is governed by newtons law of gravitation.

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4
Q

what does newtons law of gravitation suggest

A

it suggests that the mass of an object is directly proportional to the magnitude of the gravitational force.

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5
Q

what is electromagnetic force

A

a non contact force which is responsible for the attractiveness between charged particles.

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6
Q

what happens if same charge particles are in close proximity of each other

A

they will repel

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7
Q

what happens if oppositely charged particles are in close proximity of each other

A

they will attract each other

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8
Q

what is strong nuclear force

A

binds protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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9
Q

what is the si unit of force

A

1 Newton (N)

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10
Q

convert 1 Newton to kg/m^2

A

1 kg/m^2

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11
Q

what are contact forces

A

forces that act between two masses who are physically interacting with each other

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12
Q

what are non contact forces

A

those which act between two masses not physically interacting with one another.

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13
Q

give 3 examples of contact forces

A

applied force, frictional force, normal force

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14
Q

what is applied force

A

characterized by the exertion of force between bodies

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15
Q

give an example of applied force

A

person pushing a box where the person exerts force onto the box

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16
Q

what is frictional force

A

the resistive force which a surface exerts upon an object moving over the surface.

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17
Q

give an example of frictional force

A

person pushing box over carpet.

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18
Q

why is the frictional force exerted by a carpet more than the force exerted by the floor

A

it is because the particles in the carpet are larger than the ones on the floor so there will be more collisions between the particles of the box and the particles in the carpet

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19
Q

what is normal force

A

supportive force exerted upon an object that is in contact with another stable object.

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20
Q

give an example of normal force

A

force exerted by a table on a book resting on it to support the weight of the book.

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21
Q

what is tension

A

the pulling force transmitted axially by means of a rope, string etc.

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22
Q

what force can be described as the action reaction pair of forces acting at each end of said means.

A

tension

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23
Q

what is air resistance

A

force caused by the collision between air particles and an object accelerating or falling down in air.

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24
Q

give another name for drag

A

air resistance

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25
Q

give 3 examples of non contact forces

A

gravitational force
electromagnetic force
electrostatic force

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26
Q

differentiate between scalar and vectors

A

a scalar quantity only has magnitude
a vector quantity has both magnitude and direction

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27
Q

give two examples of scalar quantities

A

speed, energy

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28
Q

give 2 examples of vector quantities

A

acceleration, force

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29
Q

define weight

A

measure of the force of gravity acting upon an object or body.

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30
Q

define mass

A

measure of total matter in an object

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31
Q

what is the si unit of mass

A

Kg

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32
Q

what is acceleration due to gravity

A

the acceleration gained by an object due to gravitational force.

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33
Q

what is acceleration due to gravity measured in

A

m/s^2

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34
Q

what type of quantity is g

A

vector

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35
Q

what is the symbol of acceleration due to gravity

A

g

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36
Q

what is g on mars

A

3.71 m/s^2

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37
Q

what is g on earth

A

9.81 m/s^2

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38
Q

what is mechanical equilibrium

A

state of an object where the net force acting on the object is 0

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39
Q

what is the acceleration of objects in mechanical equilibrium

A

0

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40
Q

what do unbalanced forces cause

A

it causes resultant acceleration or deformation in an object

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41
Q

what is fulcrum

A

the point which provides a pivot or rotational axis to a mechanical system which is dependent on rotation.

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42
Q

give an example of a fulcum, why is it an example

A

a lever allows the beam to rotate

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43
Q

what is center of mass

A

the mean position of mass distributed within an object

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44
Q

what are the measuring tools of mass and weight

A

mass: weighing scale
weight: newtonmeter

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45
Q

what is the strongest force

A

strong nuclear force

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46
Q

what is the weakest force

A

gravitational force

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47
Q

what is the relationship between force, distance from the fulcrum and turning effect and why

A

the turning effect of a liver is directly proportional to the applied force and distance from the fulcrum because a greater distance and force allows for larger magnitudes of force to be distributed across the lever to the fulcrum.

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48
Q

what is moment of force

A

the resultant rotation of a force.

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49
Q

what is the unit of moment of force

A

Nm

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50
Q

state the formula for moment of force

A

M = Force x Distance

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51
Q

what does the arrowhead direction of a force arrow indicate

A

the vectors perpendicular direction

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52
Q

what does the angle of a force arrow indicate

A

vectors angular direction relative to compass direction

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53
Q

what does the length of a force arrow indicate

A

vectors magnitude

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54
Q

what is the unit for distance

A

meters

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55
Q

what is the unit of speed

A

meters per second

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56
Q

what is distance

A

a scalar quantity that refers to the amount of ground an object has covered during its motion.

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57
Q

what is displacement

A

a vector quantity which measures the objects overall change in position and the shortest distance from the point where it began its motion and the point at which it ended its motion.

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58
Q

what is the formula for speed

A

distance/time

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59
Q

what is average speed

A

total distance travelled by an object on a particular time interval

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60
Q

is avg speed scalar or vector

A

scalar

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61
Q

does displacement account for direction of travel

A

yes

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62
Q

is displacement vector or scalar

A

vector

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63
Q

what is the formula for acceleration

A

change in velocity/change in time

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64
Q

why is an object moving in a circle at a constant speed said to accelerate

A

the direction of velocity changes

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65
Q

what are the conditions for acceleration

A

when an object experiences a change in magnitude or direction of velocity vector

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66
Q

what is the unit for acceleration

A

m/s^2

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67
Q

what is speed

A

the time rate at which an object is moving along a path

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68
Q

is speed scalar or vector

A

scalar

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69
Q

what is velocity

A

rate and direction of an objects movement

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70
Q

is velocity vector or scalar

A

vector

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71
Q

what is acceleration

A

the rate at which velocity changes with time

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72
Q

is acceleration scalar or vector

A

vector

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73
Q

what does a sloping line on a displacement time graph indicate

A

movement of the object

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74
Q

what is the gradient of the line equal to in a displacement time graph

A

velocity of the object

75
Q

what does a steeper line in a displacement time graph indicate

A

greater the gradient, faster the object is moving

76
Q

list 4 dangers of excessive vehicle speeds

A
  • greater potential for loss of vehicle control
  • reduced effectiveness of driver protection equipment
  • increased degree of crash severity leading to more severe injuries
77
Q

list 4 safety features to reduce fatality rates in crashes

A

dont drink and drive

do not use mobile phone while driving a moving vehicle

ensure that eyes are on the road

ensure that seatbelt is fastened before driving

78
Q

what is the symbol of displacement

A

Δx

79
Q

what are the symbols of final position and initial position

A

xv0​ refers to the value of the final position.
xvf​ refers to the value of the initial position.

80
Q

what is the formula for displacement

A

Δx= xv0-xvf

81
Q

what does a distance-time graph show

A

motion of a certain object in line-graph form

82
Q

what is plotted on the x and y axes of a distance time graph

A

x : time
y: distance

83
Q

what is the slope of a distance time graph

A

speed

84
Q

what will a line in a distance time graph look like with no speed

A

horizontal straight line

85
Q

what does a upward line in a distance time graph indicate

A

moving away at constant speed

86
Q

what does a downward line in a distance time graph indicate

A

moving closer at constant speed

87
Q

what does a steep line in a dt graph indicate

A

moving fast

88
Q

what does a flatter line in a dt graph indicate

A

moving slow

89
Q

what does a curving upward dt graph show in terms of acceleration

A

distance increases as time pass showing +acceleration

90
Q

what does a curving downwards dt graph show in terms of acceleratrion

A

distance decreases as time passes showing - acceleration

91
Q

what do upward and downward lines in a dt graph show

A

0 acceleration

92
Q

what does an upward s-t graph show

A

+ acceleration

93
Q

what does a flat s-t graph show

A

0 acceleration

94
Q

what does the gradient of a st graph equal

A

acceleration

95
Q

how can we find the displacement of an object through a vt graph if the line is straight and if the line is curvy

A

straight: use geometry to find the area of the graph
curly: count squares beneath the line.

96
Q

what is the letter representing displacement

A

S

97
Q

what letter represents initial velocity

A

U

98
Q

what letter represents final velocity

A

V

99
Q

what letter represents acceleration

A

A

100
Q

what letter represents time

A

T

101
Q

what is the si unit of time

A

seconds (s)

102
Q

what is the formula for suvat s

A

S = (U+V/2)T, S = UT + 1/2 AT^2, S = VT - 1/2AT^2

103
Q

when do suvat equations apply

A

motion in a given direction with CONSTANT ACCELERATION

104
Q

state newtons first law of motion

A

Newton’s 1st law states that a body at rest or uniform motion will continue to be at rest or uniform motion until and unless a net external force acts on it.

105
Q

what is inertia

A

the property of a body to resist a change in its state

106
Q

what is the relationship between inertia and mass

A

inertia is directly proportional to mass.

107
Q

what causes a moving object to stay in motion at the same velocity unless an external force acts on it

A

inertia

108
Q

what is newtons 1st law also called

A

law of inertia

109
Q

what is freefall

A

free fall is when gravity is the only force acting on an object

110
Q

where is drag larger, liquids or gas

A

liquids

111
Q

where does drag act

A

on objects moving through any fluid

112
Q

state newtons second law of motion

A

it states that force is the product of the mass multiplied by the acceleration of an object.

113
Q

what is the formula of force

A

f=ma

114
Q

what is the relationship between f and m and a

A

force is proportional to m and a

115
Q

what is momentum

A

momentum is mass multiplied by the velocity of an object

116
Q

what is the si unit for momentum

A

kg m/s

117
Q

in what direction does change in momentum take place

A

same direction of the force applied to the body

118
Q

what does newtons third law state

A

when two bodies interact with one another, they apply forces that are in opposite directions but equal in magnitude

119
Q

what does the law of conservation of momentum state

A

the total initial momentum is equal to the total final moment of an object

120
Q

what is the condition for conservation of momentum

A

it only takes effect if there are no external forces acting upon the two bodies.

121
Q

explain the spacing of ticker timer

A
  • spacing between two dots is 0.02 seconds, so spacing between 5 dots is 0.1 second
122
Q

explain how we can get speed from a ticker timer

A
  • speed is distance of spacing between 5 dots / 0.1
123
Q

explain how we can get velocity and acceleration from ticker timer

A
  • speed of first 5 spacings is initial velocity u and speed of last 5 spacings is final velocity v
  • acceleration = v-u/time of spacing between last dot of first interval and first dot of second interval
124
Q

list two types of energy

A

chemical energy, electrical energy

125
Q

give an example of chemical energy

A

coal combustion reaction converts chemical energy into light and heat

126
Q

give an example of electrical energy

A

using a battery in a remote

127
Q

give an example of gravitational energy

A

pendulum transfers gpe to kinetic energy

128
Q

give an example of sound energy

A

speaker playing music

129
Q

give an example of light energy

A

a light bulb illuminating

130
Q

define kinetic energy

A

energy of an object which is possesses due to its motion.

131
Q

what is required for kinetic energy to change

A

change in speed

132
Q

what is gravitational potential energy

A

the energy stores in an object as a result of its vertical position or height

133
Q

what causes gpe

A

gravitational attraction of the earth for the object

134
Q

list three factors affecting ke

A

mass of object
speed of object
velocity of object

135
Q

list three factors affecting gpe

A

mass of object
height of object
gravity acting on object

136
Q

what is the si unit of ke

A

joules (J)

137
Q

what is the formula of gpe

A

mgh

138
Q

what is the si unit of gpe

A

Joules (J)

139
Q

what does the law of conservation of energy state

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred from one type to another.

140
Q

what is mechanical energy

A

the sum of kinetic and potential energy

141
Q

what is the condition for mechanical energy being conserved

A

it is conserved so long as we ignore outside forces like air resistance

142
Q

what is work

A

the energy transferred to or from an object via the application of force along a displacement

143
Q

when is a force said to do positive work

A

it is said to do positive work when it has a component in the direction of displacement of the point of application

144
Q

when is a force said to do negative work

A

it is said to do so when it has a component opposite to the direction of displacement of the point of application

145
Q

what does work energy theorem state

A

the work done by the sum of all forces acting on a particle equals the change in the ke of the particle.

146
Q

work formula with final kinetic energy and initial ke

A

w = final ke - initial ke

147
Q

is power vector or scalar

A

scalar

148
Q

what is the si unit of power

A

watts (w)

149
Q

how to convert from hp to w

A

multiply by 746

150
Q

how to convert from w to hp

A

divide by 746

151
Q

power required to raise object at const speed formula

A

work/change in time

152
Q

power required to raise object at const speed formula with efficiency and time

A

e/t

153
Q

what is efficiency

A

the proportion of energy which is wasted

154
Q

efficiency formula

A

output/input x 100

155
Q

how to convert mm to m to km

A

mm x 1000 = m
m x 1000 = km

156
Q

how to convert ml to l to kl

A

ml x 1000 = l
l x 1000 = km

157
Q

how to convr to kmh to m/s and vice versa

A

km x 5/18 = m/s
m/s x 18/5 = km/h

158
Q

how to convert from celsius to kelvin

A

celsius + 273 = kelvin

159
Q

density formula

A

mass/volume

160
Q

define a wave

A

a wave is a propogation of disturbances that transfers energy progressively from point to point in a medium.

161
Q

what is a wavelength

A

the distance from one peak to the next

162
Q

what is frequency

A

how many complete waves there are per second (passing a certain point).

163
Q

what is the unis of frequency

A

hertz

164
Q

what is amplitude

A

the max displacement of a particle from its rest position.

165
Q

what is the velocity of a wave

A

how fast a wave goes

166
Q

what is the period of a wave

A

the time it takes for one complete wave to pass a point

167
Q

draw a wave and label all 5 parts of it with symbol for wavelength

A

one note unit six lesson textbook notes

168
Q

what is wave speed formula

A

wave speed = frequency x wavelength

169
Q

what are the 2 types of waves

A

transverse or longitudinal

170
Q

what is transverse wave

A

in transverse waves, the vibrations are at 90 degrees to the direction energy is transferred by the wave

171
Q

what is longitudinal wave

A

in longitudinal wave, vibrations are along the same direction as the wave transfers energy,

172
Q

give 2 examples of transverse waves

A

ripples on water, light

173
Q

give 2 examples of longitudinal waves

A

sound and ultra sound, shock wave.

174
Q

what is sound

A

a form of energy that can be heard and travels in waves

175
Q

how is sound formed

A

when matter vibrates or moves back and forth very quickly, a sound is made.

176
Q

what is transferred by a wave

A

energy

177
Q

what are compressions in a wave

A

when the wavelength are close together

178
Q

what are rarefractions in a wave

A

when the wavelengths are spread apart.

179
Q

define terminal velocity

A

the maximum velocity attainable by an object as it is falling through air

180
Q

what is the formula of coefficient of friction

A

frictional force/normal force

181
Q

time period of pendulum formula

A

2 pi sqrtLength/G

182
Q

what is the formula for moment of force

A

force x perp. distance from pivot

183
Q

order the speed of sound waves in the 3 different mediums

A

fasters: solid
second fastest: liquids
slowest: air

184
Q

how can the volume of an irregularly shaped object be measured

A

The volume of an irregularly shaped object can be determined by measuring the amount of water it displaces. Fill a graduated cylinder about half way with water. Note the level of the water. Submerge your sample and mark the new water level.

physics (2 decks)

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