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Year 9N (2021-22) > Physics: Final Exam > Flashcards

Physics: Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Solar System consist of? (hint: 5 main things)

A
  • The Sun
  • 8 planets
  • Natural and artificial satellites
  • Dwarf planet
  • Asteroids and comets
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2
Q

What are the rocky planets? (hint: 4)

A
  • Mercury
  • Venus
  • Earth
  • Mars
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3
Q

What are the gas planets? (hint:4)

A
  • Jupiter
  • Saturn
  • Uranus
  • Neptune
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4
Q

What planet is the dwarf planet?

A

Pluto

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5
Q

What are some characteristics of the sun?

A
  • The Sun lies at the centre of the Solar System

- The Sun is a star that makes up over 99% of the mass of the Solar System

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6
Q

How strong are gravitational fields?

A
  • Around planets is strong enough to have pulled in all nearby objects except for natural satellites
  • Around a dwarf planet is not strong enough to have pulled nearby objects
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7
Q

What are the two types of satellites?

A
  • Natural

- Artificial

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8
Q

What is an example of a natural satellite?

A
  • Some planets have moons orbiting them

- Moons are an example of natural satellites

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9
Q

What are artificial satellites?

A

Artificial satellites are man-made and can orbit any object in space

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10
Q

What is an asteroid?

A

An asteroid is a small rocky object which orbits the sun

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11
Q

What is a comet?

A

Comets are made of dust and ice and orbit the Sun in a different orbit to the planets

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12
Q

Exam Tip:

A

My Very Easy Method Just Speeds Up Naming (Planets) =

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, (Pluto)

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13
Q

What is the definition for Weight?

A

The force acting on an object due to gravitational attraction

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14
Q

What does weight do?

A
  • Objects stay firmly on the ground
  • Objects will always fall to the ground
  • Satellites are kept in orbit
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15
Q

How are objects attracted to the centre of the Earth?

A

-Due to its gravitational field strength

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16
Q

How does mass affect a planet?

A

The greater the mass of the planet, the stronger the gravitational field strength is going to be

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17
Q

How much gravitational field strength (g) does the Earth have?

A

Approximately 10 N/kg

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18
Q

What does gravity provide?

A

Provides a force which pulls an object towards a body

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19
Q

How are the sun’s rays acting in summer and winter?

A
  • summer: The sun’s rays are concentrated

- winter: The sun’s rays are spread out

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20
Q

When is it summer and winter in Europe?

A

summer: When the nothern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun
winter: When the northen hemisphere is titled away from the sun

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21
Q

Why are days longer than nights in summer?

A

As the earth is tilted towards the sun, we get more sunlight, making the day longer.

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22
Q

What is a magnetic field?

A

The region around a magnet where a force acts on another magnet or on a magnetic material (iron, steel, cobalt and nickel)

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23
Q

Is the magnetic field stronger in the pole or south?

A

POLE

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24
Q

What is Friction?

A

force when an object is being pulled along the ground

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25
Q

How can friction be reduced?

A

Through wheels or rollers

26
Q

What is the resultant force?

A

The difference between the forwards and backwards forces.

27
Q

What can unbalanced forces do?

A

They can change the speed of an object and the direction

28
Q

What are the 2 forms of drag?

A

Water resistance and air resistance

29
Q

What does drag do?

A

Slows down objects moving through fluids.

30
Q

What affects the drag?

A
  • The speed (drag force increases and speed increases)

- Surface area

31
Q

What is the top speed?

A
  • When the resistance (drag) is as large as the force

- This means the object can’t accelerate.

32
Q

Where does the energy from humans and animals come from?

A

Food

33
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Anything that is moving.

34
Q

What is speed?

A

How fast or slow something is

35
Q

What is the formula for Speed?

A

Speed= Distance (in a graph = rise/run)
—————
Time

36
Q

What is velocity?

A

It is a vector quantity which decribes both magnitude and direction

37
Q

What is the formula for Velocity?

A

Time

38
Q

What is acceleration?

A

rate of change of velocity

39
Q

What is the formula for acceleration?

A

time taken

40
Q

What is the formula for the change in velocity?

A

final velocity - initial velocity

41
Q

What does a distance time graph show?

A

shows how the distance of an object moving in a straight line (from a starting position) varies over time

42
Q

What does a velocity graph show?

A

shows how the velocity of a moving object varies with time

43
Q

What is an electrostatic force?

A

-the force between two charged objects

44
Q

What is thrust?

A

-the force causing an object to move

45
Q

What is upthrust?

A

-the force of a fluid pushing an object upwards

46
Q

What is compression?

A

-forces that act inward on an object, squeezing it

47
Q

What is a reaction force (or normal force)?

A

-a force due to contact between two objects

48
Q

What is a contact force?

A

A force which acts between objects that are physically touching

49
Q

What are examples of contact forces?

A
  • Friction
  • Air Resistance
  • Tension
  • Reaction force/normal force
50
Q

What is a non-contact force?

A
  • A force which acts at a distance
  • No contact between bodies
  • Due to the action of a field
51
Q

What are examples of non-contact forces?

A
  • Gravitational force
  • Electrostatic force
  • Magnetic force
52
Q

What causes the seasons?

A

This happens because the Earth’s axis is tilted

53
Q

.

A
54
Q

What is the formula for weight?

A

Newtons (N)

55
Q

What is the formula for mass?

A

Kilograms (Kg)

56
Q

What is the formula for mass?

A

Kilograms (Kg)

57
Q

What is the formula gravitational field strength?

A

Newtons/Kilograms (N/Kg)

58
Q

How do you calculate the mass on a planet?

A

Calculate the weight of a 5kg mass on Earth:
weight= mass x g
=5 x 10
=50

59
Q

What is the definition for Force?

A

a push or pull on an object that produces acceleration in the body on which it acts

60
Q

What is the definition for Mass?

A

How much matter something is made of

Year 9N (2021-22) (8 decks)

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