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Physics > Physics exam2 > Flashcards

Physics exam2 Flashcards

0
Q

simple harmonic motion

A

type of periodic motion

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1
Q

periodic motion

A

a motion that repeats itself over and over

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2
Q

period of a mass on a spring

A

f=-kx
type of simple harmonic motion
the force exerted by a spring is opposite in its direction to its diplacenment from equilibrium
2pi sqrt m/k

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3
Q

energy conservation in oscillatory motion

A

an ideal system has total energy conserved

there is a continual tradeoff between kinetic and potential energy

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4
Q

simple pendulum

A

consists of a mass suspended by a spring/rod of length L.

  • has a stable equilibrium when mass is directly below the suspension point
  • *all the mass is concnetrated at a single point
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5
Q

physical pendulum

A

the mass is NOT concentrated at a point, but instead it is distributed over a finite volume

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6
Q

damped oscillations

A

as the mechanical energy of a system decreases, its amplitude of oscillation decreases as well

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7
Q

Transverse waves

A

individual particles move at right angles (perpendicular) to the direction of wave propogation

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8
Q

longitudinal wave

A

individual particles move in the same direction (parallel) as the wave propogation

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9
Q

string waves

A

transverse waves that proppgate on a string

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10
Q

harmonic wave function

A

waves will have a shape of a sine of cosine

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11
Q

sound waves

A

a longitudinal wave of compressions and refractions that can travel through the air as well as other gases liquids and solids

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12
Q

sound intensity

A

the loudness of a sound is determined by its intensity

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13
Q

the doppler effect

A

the change in frequency due to relative motion between a source ad a receiver

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14
Q

supportion and interference

A

waves can combine to give a variety of effects

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15
Q

superposition

A

when two or more waves occupy the same location at the same time they simply add

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16
Q

constructive interference

A

waves that add to give a larger amplitude exhibit constructive interference

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17
Q

destructive interference

A

waves that add to give a smaller amplitude exhibit destructive interference

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18
Q

interference patterns

A

waves that overlap can create patterns of constructive and destructive interference

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19
Q

standing waves

A

oscillate in a fixed location

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20
Q

beats

A

occur when waves of slightly different frequencies occur

-percieved as alternating loudness and softness to the ear

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21
Q

ideal gases

A

simplified model of a rea gas in which interactions between molecules are ignored

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22
Q

kinetic theory of gases

A

a gas is imagined to be compromised of a large number of pointlike molecules bouncing off the wall of a container

23
Q

origin of pressure

A

the pressure exerted by a gas is a result of the momentum transfers that occur every time a molecule bounces off a wall of a container

24
Q

speed distribution of molecules

A

molecules in a gas have a range of speeds

-the maxwell distribution indicates which speeds are most likely to occur in a given gas

25
Q

rms speed

A

speed of the molecules in a gas at kelvin T

26
Q

solids and elastic deformation

A

when a force is applied to a solid, the size and shape may change

27
Q

stress

A

the applied force per area

28
Q

strain

A

the resulting deformation of stress

29
Q

elastic deformation

A

one in which a solid returns to its original size and shape when the stress is removed

30
Q

equilbrium between phases

A

when phases are in equilibrium, the number of molecules in each phase remains constant

31
Q

evaporation

A

occurs when some molecules in a liquid have speeds great enough to allow them to escape into the gas phase

32
Q

latent heat

A

the amount of heat per unit mass that must be added to or removed from a substance to convert it to one phase or anothe

33
Q

latent head of fusion

A

the heat required for melting or freezing Lf

34
Q

latent heat of vaporization

A

the heat required for vaporizing or condensing Lv

35
Q

latent heat of subimation

A

the heat required to sublime a solid directly to gas, or to condense a gas to a solid Ls

36
Q

electromagnetic waves

A

waves of oscillating electric and magnetic fields

37
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

the entire range of waves with different frequencies

38
Q

polarization of a beam of light

A

the direction along which its electric field points

39
Q

polarizer

A

transmits light only whose electric field has a component in the direction of the polarizer’s transmission axis

40
Q

polarization by scattering

A

light scattered by the atmosphere is polarized when viewed at right anges to the sun

41
Q

polarization by reflection

A

when light reflects from a horizontal surface it is partially polarized in the horizontal direction

42
Q

wave fronts

A

a surface on which the phase of a wave is constant

43
Q

rays

A

the direction of wave propogation is indicated by rays, which are always at right angles to wave fronts

44
Q

law of reflection

A

states that the angle of reflection theta is equal to the angle of incidence

45
Q

specular/diffuse reflection

A

a smooth surface reflects light in a single direction. A rough surface reflects light in many directions

46
Q

ray tracing

A

involves drawing two or three of the rays that have particularly simple behavior. These rays originate at a point on a object and intersect at the corresponding point on the image

47
Q

real images

A

light passes through the apparant position of the image itself

48
Q

virtual image

A

light does not pass through the image

49
Q

refraction of light

A

the change in direction of light due to a change in its speed

50
Q

index of refraction (n)

A

quantifies how much a medium slows the speed of light

51
Q

snell’s law

A

relates the index of refraction and angle of incidence in one medium to the index of refraction and angle in another medium

52
Q

qualitative qualities of refraction

A

refracted light is bent closer to the normal in a medium where its speed is reduced and away from the normal in a medium where its speed is increased

53
Q

total internal refraction

A

when light in a medium in which its speed is relatively low encounters a medium in which its speed is greater, the light will be totally reflected back into its original medium if its angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle

54
Q

total polarization

A

reflected light is totally polarized parallel to the surgace when the reflected and refracted rays are at right anges. Occurs at Brewster’s angle

55
Q

lens

A

an object that uses refraction to bend light and form images

Physics (4 decks)

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