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Bioscience > Physics CH 3 & 4 > Flashcards

Physics CH 3 & 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Newton’s 1st law

A

An object at rest or moving at constant speed in a straight line will continue in that state until a net external force acts upon it

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2
Q

Newton’s 2nd law

A

Force is equal to mass times acceleration

F = m x a

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3
Q

Newton’s 3rd law

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

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4
Q

Define mass

A

the amount of matter (stuff) in an object

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5
Q

Units of Force

A

Newton

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6
Q

Units of mass

A

Kg

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7
Q

Units of acceleration

A

m/s^2

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8
Q

Define velocity

A

A vector measurement of the rate and direction of motion

In other words, the displacement divided by the time it takes to make that distance

V = displacement/change in time

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9
Q

Define speed

A

A scalar measurement of distance over time

Speed = d/t

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10
Q

What is the difference between velocity and speed

A

Speed involves distance, velocity involves displacement (net change in the position of an object from start point to end point).

Speed is a scalar
Velocity is a vector

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11
Q

Define displacement

A

net change in position with respect to some specified beginning point or origin in a coordinate system.

Displacement can be positive, negative, or zero

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12
Q

What is a scalar

A

quantities that have magnitude only

ex: speed, distance, time, height, pressure, mass, age, energy, temperature, work, area, volume

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13
Q

What is a vector

A

quantities that have magnitude and direction

ex: velocity, weight, force, acceleration, displacement, electric field strength, torque, momentum

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14
Q

What is acceleration

A

Acceleration is a vector that describes how velocity changes with time

a = 🔺velocity/🔺time

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15
Q

What are the units of velocity

A

m/s

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16
Q

What are the 4 fundamental forces (strongest to weakest)

A

Strong nuclear force
Electromagnetic force
Weak nuclear foce
Gravitational force (more day to day CRNA stuff)

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17
Q

Define gravity

A

the universal attraction between all objects of mass

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18
Q

What is the formula for gravitational force

A
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19
Q

What is weight

A

the gravitational force exerted on an object by a much larger object such as the earth.

weight changes depending on location (earth vs moon) while mass does not change irrespective to its location

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20
Q

What do we know about weight in its relation to force

A

Weight = Force

W=m x g
Weight (W) = m (mass in kg) x g (gravity which is acceleration)

F = m x a

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21
Q

What is the constant gravitational (g) force equal

A
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22
Q

What is the unit of weight

A

Newton (N)

Since weight = force and the unit of force is N, then it is the same for weight

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23
Q

What is the British unit of force

A

the pound (lb)

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24
Q

what is the British formula for force

A
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25
Q

1 slug = ? kg

A

14.62kg

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26
Q

1lb = ? N

A

4.45N

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27
Q

what is the value for acceleration in the British constant ft/s^2

A

32.2ft/s^2

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28
Q

What is pressure?

A

pressure is the force per unit area

P= F/A

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29
Q

What are the units of pressure in the British system?

A

psi (pounds per square in) lb/in^2

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30
Q

What are the SI units of pressure

A

Pascal

Which is the pressure exerted by a force of 1N over 1 square meter of area

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31
Q

What are some examples of units of pressure

A

psi, pascal, atm, torr, bar, kilopascal

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32
Q

1atm = ? torr = ? mmHg = ? Pa

A

1atm = 760 torr = 760 mmHg = 101,325 Pa

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33
Q

1atm = ? bar

A

1.013 bar

34
Q

1 bar = ? Pa = ? kPa

A

1bar = 100,000 Pa = 100 kPa

35
Q

1kPa = ?Pa

A

1,000 Pa

36
Q

1 psi = ? Pa

A

6,895 Pa

37
Q

1 atm = ? psi

A

14.7 psi

38
Q

What is the formula for atmospheric pressure

A

pressure is in Pascal
density (d=m/v)
height in meters (m)

39
Q

What devices are affected by atmospheric pressure

A

manometers and bourdon gauges

40
Q

What is gauge pressure

A

The pressure of a system about (or below) atmospheric pressure

41
Q

What is the pressure formula for gauge pressure

A

Ptotal = Pgauge +Patmosphere

42
Q

Define work

A

A force does work when it acts on an object and displaces the object in the direction of the force

So work is force times the displacement
Work (W) = F x d

43
Q

SI unit of work

A

Joules (J)

1J = 1N x m

44
Q

Centimeter-gram-second (cgs) system uses what unit for force

A

dyne

unit of cgs is Erg

1erg = 1dyn x cm = (g x cm^2)/s^2

45
Q

1J = ? ft x lb

A

1J = 0.738 ft x lb

46
Q

1 erg = ? J = ? ft x lb

A

1erg = 10^-7 J = 7.38 x 10^-8 ft x lb

47
Q

What is kinetic energy

A

The energy a mass has by virtue of being in motion

KE is also called energy in motion
KE = J
So Si unit for KE is also J

48
Q

What is the Work-Energy or Work-KE Theorem

A

The total work done on a system is equal to the system’s change in KE

49
Q

What is the Volume of a cylinder

A

V is the product of area (TTr^2) times height

V= TTr^2 x h

height = displacement (d)
V=A x d or d=V/A

We know Work (W) = F x d, so if we fit this in, then
Work =F x V/A and Work = F/A x V, and F/A is pressure ( P=F/A)

50
Q

1m^3 = ? L

A

1,000L

51
Q

1J = ? Pa x m^3

A

1J= 1Pa x m^3

52
Q

What are state functions

A

Mathematical functions that describe the “state” of a system

Ex: internal energy (U), volume, pressure, or temperature

State functions are INDEPENDENT of the path by which a system gets to a particular state

53
Q

Isochoric

A

constant volume

54
Q

isobaric

A

constant pressure

55
Q

Reversible work means

A

when a change in volume (Vfinal-Vinital) is accomplished in an infinite number of steps and pressure is help constant for all the steps

only then can Work (W) = P - change in volume

56
Q

Energy is defined as

A

the capacity to do work

57
Q

What does the Law of conservation of energy state

A

energy is neither created nor destroyed but only converted to other kinds of energy

58
Q

1 cal = ? J

A

4.184J

59
Q

1kcal = ? cal

A

1,000 cal

60
Q

What is potential energy

A

energy stored by virtue of position

KE is not destroyed, but converted to PE

61
Q

Potential energy (PE) =

A

PE = m x g x h

m- mass in kg
g - acceleration dt gravity
h - height

62
Q

Internal energy (U) is

A

the sum of all kinetic and potential energies of the particles comprising the system

63
Q

The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states

A

Two objects (A & B) are found to be in thermal equilibrium that is, they are at the same temperature

64
Q

The 1st Law of Thermodynamics states

A

Change in the internal energy (U) of a system is equal to the sum of the heat processes that cause energy to flow into/out of the system and the work done by/on the system

change U = Q + W(work)

Q= heat

65
Q

Endothermic

A

Q > 0

Energy flows INTO the system, cools surroundings

66
Q

Exothermic

A

Q < 0

Energy flow OUT of the system, heats surroundings

67
Q

Expansion

A

Work (W) < 0

Work done BY THE SYSTEM on the surroundings

68
Q

Compression

A

Work (W) > 0

Work done BY THE SURROUNDINGS on the system

69
Q

The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics (entropy law) states

A

Heat spontaneously flows from a hot body to a cold body when the two bodies are brought into thermal contact

Entropy (a measure of randomness or disorder in a system) of the universe is constantly increasing

70
Q

The 3rd Law of Thermodynamics states

A

It is not possible to lower the temperature of an object to absolute zero

71
Q

The relationship of KE and Temperature can be expressed in what formula

A

T - temperature in kelvin
k - Boltzmann constant

k=1.38x10^-3 J/k

72
Q

k - Boltzmann constant

A

k=1.38x10^-3 J/k

73
Q

Heat capacity is defined as

A

the ratio between the amount of heat added to or take away from an object and the change in temperature of the object

Big “C”

C= Q/(change in Temperature)

74
Q

SI units for heat capacity

A

J/K

75
Q

Specific heat is defined as

A

The amount of heat added to or taken away from an object and the change in temperature of the object, but also accounting for the mass of the object

Little “c”

c= Q/m x (change in Temperature)

76
Q

SI units for specific heat

A

J/kg x K

77
Q

Little “c” is equal to what

A

4.18 J/g x K

78
Q

Power is defined as

A

the rate of doing work or conversely, the rate of expending energy

79
Q

Average power is calculated as

A

P = W(work)/t (time)

80
Q

SI unit of power

A

Watt (W) in J/s

81
Q

1 lb = ? kg

A

0.45 kg

82
Q

1 kg = ? lb

A

2.2 lb

Bioscience (5 decks)

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