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Bioscience > Organic Compounds CH 11 > Flashcards

Organic Compounds CH 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Organic compounds are compounds that contain

A

Carbon

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2
Q

What is the backbone of organic compounds

A

Carbon backbone and one or more functional groups

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3
Q

Hydrocarbon functional groups consist of

A

Carbon and Hydrogen

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4
Q

What functional groups fall under Hydrocarbons

A

Alkanes, Alkyl, Alkene, Alkyne, Arenes (Aromatics)

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5
Q

Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain

A

Carbon single bonds

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6
Q

Alkyl are hydrocarbons that contain

A

Alkanes minus one hydrogen atom

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7
Q

Alkyls are considered

A

Stick on groups that are appended to larger organic molecules

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8
Q

Alkene are hydrocarbons that contain

A

Carbon-carbon double bond

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9
Q

Alkyne are hydrocarbons that contain

A

Carbon-carbon triple bonds

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10
Q

Aromatics are hydrocarbons that contain

A

Benzene ring

Can also have a stick on “R” that makes it a phenyl

Alcohol can attach as OH and it is called a phenol

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11
Q

What functional groups are derived from water

A

Alcohols and ethers

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12
Q

Alcohol contains

A

A hydroxyl (OH) group represented as R-OH

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13
Q

Ethers contain

A

Oxygen bonded to two alkyl groups.

Represented as R-O-R’

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14
Q

Alkyl Halide are organohalogens that contain

A

Halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I) represented as X and an alkyl halide represented as R-X

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15
Q

Many inhaled anesthetics reagents are

A

Alkyl halides that often contain ether functional groups

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16
Q

Amines are derived from

A

Ammonia

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17
Q

Amines contain

A

One or more hydrogens on ammonia have been replaced by alkyl groups

RNH2, R2NH, R3N (any combo)

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18
Q

Carbonyl group contains

A

carbon double bonded to an oxygen

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19
Q

Carbonyl group includes

A

Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides

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20
Q

Aldehydes contain

A

Hydrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl group

R-C=O-H

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21
Q

Ketones contain

A

Two alkyl groups bonded to a carbonyl group

R2-C=O

22
Q

Carboxylic acids contain

A

Hydroxyl group bonded to a carbonyl group

R(C=O)OH
Sometimes written as RCO2H or RCOOH

23
Q

Esters contain

A

An alkoxy (OR) group bonded to a carbonyl group

R(C=O)OR’
Sometimes written as RCO2R’ or RCOOR’

24
Q

Amides contain

A

Nitrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl group

R(C=O)NR2

R group on Nitrogen may be either an alkyl group or hydrogens

25
Q

Amides are condensation products between

A

Carboxylic acid and alcohol

26
Q

Aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reactions with alcohol to form

A

Hemiacetals or hemiketals

27
Q

The functional group of a hemiacetal/hemiketal is characterized by an

A

Ether functional group and an alcohol functional group on the same carbon

28
Q

In the presence of excess alcohol (an an acid catalyst), aldehydes and ketones condense with two alcohol molecules to form

A

Acetals or ketals

29
Q

The acetal/ketal functional group is characterized by

A

Two ether functional groups on the same carbon

30
Q

Carbon based compounds exhibit

A

Isomerism

31
Q

Isomers are

A

Different compounds that have the same molecular formula

32
Q

Isomers can either differ in

A

Atom connectivity or sterochemistry

33
Q

Hydrocarbons are used as

A

Fuel due to flammability

34
Q

Alkanes are also known as

A

Paraffins

35
Q

Isopropyl group is

A

An isomer of the propyl group

36
Q

The principle chemical and physical properties of a compound are determined by the functional group or the carbon backbone?

A

Functional group

37
Q

Cycloalkanes are

A

Carbon atoms that form a ring structure

38
Q

What compound is considered saturated

A

Compounds that contain a double bond or rings

39
Q

Cis isomers vs trans isomers

A

Cis have BOTH hydrogens on the same side of the double bond

Trans have hydrogens on opposing sides of the double bond

40
Q

Fatty acids in vegetable oils frequently contain

A

Double bond and are said to be unsaturated

41
Q

Vegetable oils have a CIS or TRANS configuration

A

CIS configuration and therefore have LOW MELTING POINTS and are liquids at room temperature

42
Q

Which are more stable CIS or TRANS

A

Trans double bonds are more stable than CIS double bonds

43
Q

Haloalkanes, especially if ether functional groups are

A

The most common anesthetic agents

44
Q

Glycerin is

A

Essentially non-toxic and serve as a backbone that hold fatty acids into triglycerides and is one of the main ingredients in KY jelly

45
Q

What forms Nitroglycerin

A

Glycerin with Nitric and Sulfuric acids will introduce three nitric groups NO2 into they hydroxyl groups

46
Q

Aromatic alcohols are called

A

Phenols

47
Q

Why is propofol not very soluble in water

A

Has 12 carbon atoms

*IF an R groups contains 3 or less carbon atoms they are soluble in water. Larger R groups will decrease solubility in water

48
Q

Amines can from hydrogen bonds and

A

Tend to be more soluble in water

49
Q

Oxidation gains or loses electrons

A

Lose Hydrogen bonds

50
Q

Reduction gains or loses electrons

A

Gains Hydrogen bonds

Bioscience (5 decks)

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