Organic Compounds CH 11

Question 1

Organic compounds are compounds that contain

Answer 1

Carbon

Question 2

What is the backbone of organic compounds

Answer 2

Carbon backbone and one or more functional groups

Question 3

Hydrocarbon functional groups consist of

Answer 3

Carbon and Hydrogen

Question 4

What functional groups fall under Hydrocarbons

Answer 4

Alkanes, Alkyl, Alkene, Alkyne, Arenes (Aromatics)

Question 5

Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain

Answer 5

Carbon single bonds

Question 6

Alkyl are hydrocarbons that contain

Answer 6

Alkanes minus one hydrogen atom

Question 7

Alkyls are considered

Answer 7

Stick on groups that are appended to larger organic molecules

Question 8

Alkene are hydrocarbons that contain

Answer 8

Carbon-carbon double bond

Question 9

Alkyne are hydrocarbons that contain

Answer 9

Carbon-carbon triple bonds

Question 10

Aromatics are hydrocarbons that contain

Answer 10

Benzene ring

Can also have a stick on “R” that makes it a phenyl

Alcohol can attach as OH and it is called a phenol

Question 11

What functional groups are derived from water

Answer 11

Alcohols and ethers

Question 12

Alcohol contains

Answer 12

A hydroxyl (OH) group represented as R-OH

Question 13

Ethers contain

Answer 13

Oxygen bonded to two alkyl groups.

Represented as R-O-R’

Question 14

Alkyl Halide are organohalogens that contain

Answer 14

Halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I) represented as X and an alkyl halide represented as R-X

Question 15

Many inhaled anesthetics reagents are

Answer 15

Alkyl halides that often contain ether functional groups

Question 16

Amines are derived from

Answer 16

Ammonia

Question 17

Amines contain

Answer 17

One or more hydrogens on ammonia have been replaced by alkyl groups

RNH2, R2NH, R3N (any combo)

Question 18

Carbonyl group contains

Answer 18

carbon double bonded to an oxygen

Question 19

Carbonyl group includes

Answer 19

Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides

Question 20

Aldehydes contain

Answer 20

Hydrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl group

R-C=O-H

Question 21

Ketones contain

Answer 21

Two alkyl groups bonded to a carbonyl group

R2-C=O

Question 22

Carboxylic acids contain

Answer 22

Hydroxyl group bonded to a carbonyl group

R(C=O)OH
Sometimes written as RCO2H or RCOOH

Question 23

Esters contain

Answer 23

An alkoxy (OR) group bonded to a carbonyl group

R(C=O)OR’
Sometimes written as RCO2R’ or RCOOR’

Question 24

Amides contain

Answer 24

Nitrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl group

R(C=O)NR2

R group on Nitrogen may be either an alkyl group or hydrogens

Question 25

Amides are condensation products between

Answer 25

Carboxylic acid and alcohol

Question 26

Aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reactions with alcohol to form

Answer 26

Hemiacetals or hemiketals

Question 27

The functional group of a hemiacetal/hemiketal is characterized by an

Answer 27

Ether functional group and an alcohol functional group on the same carbon

Question 28

In the presence of excess alcohol (an an acid catalyst), aldehydes and ketones condense with two alcohol molecules to form

Answer 28

Acetals or ketals

Question 29

The acetal/ketal functional group is characterized by

Answer 29

Two ether functional groups on the same carbon

Question 30

Carbon based compounds exhibit

Answer 30

Isomerism

Question 31

Isomers are

Answer 31

Different compounds that have the same molecular formula

Question 32

Isomers can either differ in

Answer 32

Atom connectivity or sterochemistry

Question 33

Hydrocarbons are used as

Answer 33

Fuel due to flammability

Question 34

Alkanes are also known as

Answer 34

Paraffins

Question 35

Isopropyl group is

Answer 35

An isomer of the propyl group

Question 36

The principle chemical and physical properties of a compound are determined by the functional group or the carbon backbone?

Answer 36

Functional group

Question 37

Cycloalkanes are

Answer 37

Carbon atoms that form a ring structure

Question 38

What compound is considered saturated

Answer 38

Compounds that contain a double bond or rings

Question 39

Cis isomers vs trans isomers

Answer 39

Cis have BOTH hydrogens on the same side of the double bond Trans have hydrogens on opposing sides of the double bond

Question 40

Fatty acids in vegetable oils frequently contain

Answer 40

Double bond and are said to be unsaturated

Question 41

Vegetable oils have a CIS or TRANS configuration

Answer 41

CIS configuration and therefore have LOW MELTING POINTS and are liquids at room temperature

Question 42

Which are more stable CIS or TRANS

Answer 42

Trans double bonds are more stable than CIS double bonds

Question 43

Haloalkanes, especially if ether functional groups are

Answer 43

The most common anesthetic agents

Question 44

Glycerin is

Answer 44

Essentially non-toxic and serve as a backbone that hold fatty acids into triglycerides and is one of the main ingredients in KY jelly

Question 45

What forms Nitroglycerin

Answer 45

Glycerin with Nitric and Sulfuric acids will introduce three nitric groups NO2 into they hydroxyl groups

Question 46

Aromatic alcohols are called

Answer 46

Phenols

Question 47

Why is propofol not very soluble in water

Answer 47

Has 12 carbon atoms *IF an R groups contains 3 or less carbon atoms they are soluble in water. Larger R groups will decrease solubility in water

Question 48

Amines can from hydrogen bonds and

Answer 48

Tend to be more soluble in water

Question 49

Oxidation gains or loses electrons

Answer 49

Lose Hydrogen bonds

Question 50

Reduction gains or loses electrons

Answer 50

Gains Hydrogen bonds