Physics and Math Flashcards
Vectors
Physical quantities with both magnitude and direction
Ex: force, velocity
Scalars
Physical quantities that have magnitude, but no direction
Ex: mass, speed
Average velocity
‘v’ = Δx / Δt
Acceleration
The rate of change of and object’s velocity
a = Δv / Δt
Linear motion equations
v = vo + at
x = vo(t) + 1/2a(t^2)
v^2 = (vo)^2 + 2ax
‘v’ = (vo + v) / 2
x = ‘v’t = ( (vo + v) / 2)t
Vertical component of velocity
v = vsinθ
Horizontal component of velocity
v = vcosθ
Static friction
The force that must be overcome to set an object in motion
0 ≤ fs ≤ (µs)N
Kinetic friction
Opposes the motion of objects moving relative to each other
fk = (µk)N
Newton’s first law
A body in a state of motion or at rest will remain in that state unless acted upon by a net force
Newton’s second law
When a net force is applied to a body of mass m, the body will be accelerated in the same direction as the force applied to the mass.
F = ma
N =
kg(m) / s^2
Work
For a constant force F, acting on an object that moves a displacement of d, the work is W = Fdcosθ
For a force perpendicular to the displacement, W = 0
Joule =
N(m)
Power
P = W / Δt
Kinetic energy
1/2mv^2
Newton’s third law
If body A exerts a force on body B, then B will exert a force back onto A that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction
Fb = -Fa
Newton’s law of gravitation
All forms of matter experience an attractive force to other forms of matter in the universe
F = G(m1)(m2) / r^2
Mass vs weight
Mass: a scalar quantity that measures a body’s inertia
Weight (Fg): a vector quantity that measures a body’s gravitational attraction to the earth
Fg = mg
Uniform circular motion
ac = v^2 / r
Fc = mv^2 / r
Potential energy
U = mgh
Total mechanical energy
E = Pe + Ke
E = U + K
Work-energy theorem
Relates the work performed by all forces acting on a body in a particular time interval to the change in energy at that time
W = ΔE
Conservation of energy
When there are no nonconservative forces (such as friction) acting on a system, the total mechanical energy remains constant: ΔE = ΔK + ΔU = 0