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Bmat Equations > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

1
Q

Sources of background radiation?

A

Radon gas
Cosmic rays
Food

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2
Q

What happens when polyethene is rubbed with a duster?

A

Electrons transferred to the rod making it negative

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3
Q

What happens when acetate is rubbed with a duster?

A

Electrons are transferred from the rod to the duster so the rod becomes positively charged

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4
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Different number of nuetrons

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5
Q

What is radioactive decay?

A

Unstable nuclei decay and give out ionising radiation

Random process

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6
Q

Alpha particles

A

Helium nucleus- 2 nuetrons, 2protons

Weakly penetrating

Strongly ionising as they are big

Blocked by paper

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7
Q

Beta particle?

A

Fast moving electron from when a nuetron breaks down into a proton and an electron

Moderately penetrating

Blocked my aluminium

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8
Q

Gamma rays

A

Electromagnetic wave

Very penetrating

Weakly ionising

Blocked by thick lead

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9
Q

What happens during alpha decay?

A

Atomic number goes down by 2 and atomic pass goes down by 4

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10
Q

What happens during beta decay?

A

Mass number is unchanged

Atomic number goes up 1

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11
Q

What is half life?

A

The average time taken for the number of unstable nuclei in a radioactive isotope sample to halve

Count rate to half

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12
Q

Uses of alpha radiation?

A

Smoke detectors

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13
Q

What is beta radiation used for?

A

Tracers - see if body absorbs and where

Thickness gauges

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14
Q

Uses of gamma rays

A

Tracking movement of waste materials (leaks etc)

Radiotherapy

Sterilisation is food and surgical instruments

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15
Q

How does radioactive dating of rocks work?

A

See how much of radioactive isotope is left and knowing isotope

E.g carbon 14

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16
Q

How does nuclear fission occur?

A

Absorption of nucleus into uranium or plutonium nucleus = split
Spits out 2/3 nuetrons and lots of energy
=chain reaction

17
Q

Fusion?

A

Joining of two nuclei, releasing lots of energy

Needs very high pressure and temperature - can’t build reactor strong enough

18
Q

How to make helium nucleus via fusion?

A

1H+2H—

19
Q

What is anhilkation?

A

When an electron and an antiparticle collide releasing energy as gamma rays

Bmat Equations (4 decks)

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