Biology

Question 1

Structure of neuron?

Answer 1

Electrons pass along the axon
Branched endings called dendrites connect to other Neurons
Terminal exon sends our impulse

Question 2

State the order in structure of a neuron in the direction of impulse

Answer 2

Receptor cells
Dendrite
Cell body
Axon
Axon terminal

Question 3

Sensory neuron

Answer 3

Long dendrite from receptor cells to cell body

Short axon from cell body to cns

Question 4

Relay neuron

Answer 4

Many short dendrites carry nerve impulses from sensory to cell body

Many short axons to carry nerve impulses from cell body to motor neurons

Question 5

Motor neurons

Answer 5

Many short dendrites carry impulses from cns to cell body

One long axon from cell bodybto effector cells

Question 6

The function of amylase and where it is made

Answer 6

Starch—

Question 7

Function of protease and where it is made?

Answer 7

Protein—

Question 8

Function of lipase and where it is made?

Answer 8

Lipids—

Question 9

The functions of \_\_\_\_ in digestion?
Salivary glands
Stomach
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum

Answer 9

Produce amylase in the saliva

Pummels food with muscular walls, produces protease, produces HCl to kill bacteria and give optimum pH for protease

Produces bile which neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fat

Bile is stored here and released into small intestine

Produces protease, lipsse and amylase release into small intestine

Glands in wall produce protease, amylase and lipase and good is absorbed into blood

Water is absorbed leaving faeces

Faeces is stored before edgested through anus

Question 10

What conditions can form due to too much blood clotting?

Answer 10

Strokes and deep vein thrombosis?

Question 11

What can be done to treat those at risk of blood clots?

Answer 11

Warafin, heparin and aspirin

Question 12

What blood types can be given to:

A
B
AB
O

Answer 12

A+O
B+O
Anyone
Only O

Question 13

Sensory neuron

Answer 13

Carryinpulse fromreceptor cells to cns

One long dendrite that picks up impulses from receptor cells

One short axon to carry impulses to the cns

Question 14

Relay neuron

Answer 14

Carry impulses from sensory to motor neuron

Many short dendrites pick up from sensory

Many short axons can to motor

Question 15

Motor neuron?

Answer 15

Carry impulse from cns to muscle/gland

Many short dendrites from cns

Onelong axon to muscle/gland

Question 16

Describe how a synapse works

Answer 16

Electrical impulse meets end of neuron triggering a release of transmitter chemicals into synapse

Chemicals diffuse across and bind to receptor molecules on membrane of next neuron specific

Trigger new electrical impulse

Question 17

Drugs that effect synapses?

Answer 17

Ecstasy (blocks where seratonin is removed)
Beta blockers
Prozac

Question 18

Differeces between nerves and hornmones

Answer 18

Nerves

Fast acting
Act for a short time
Precise area

Hornmones

Slower action
Actfor long time
General area

Question 19

Three things involved in negative feedback

Answer 19

Receptors
Processing centre
Effector

Question 20

Too hot/cold?

Answer 20

Hairs flat/up

Sweat

Blood vessels

Muscles?

Question 21

What does insulin do?

Answer 21

Produced by pancreas when high blood glucose

Glucose converted to glycogen and stored in liver

Question 22

What hornmone controls urine concentration?

Answer 22

ADH

Question 23

What surpressesADH?

Answer 23

Alcohol

Question 24

What increases ADH?

Answer 24

Ecstasy

Question 25

Difference between parasitic and mutualistic?

Answer 25

Mutualistic give something back to the host

Question 26

What is nitrogen fixation?

Answer 26

Turning N2 in the air into nitrogen compounds in the soil

By lightening (enough energy to make nitrogen react with oxygen)

Nitrogen fixing bacteria (soil or nodules of legume roots)

Question 27

What is decomposition?

Answer 27

Bacteria and fungi break down dead plants and animals turning proteins and urea into ammonium compounds

Question 28

What is nitrification?

Answer 28

Ammonium compounds produced by decomposes can’t be used by plants so nitrifying bacteria change into nitrites

Other nitrifying bacteria turn into nitrates

Question 29

What is denitrification?

Answer 29

Nitrates in the soil diverted into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria - they use nitrates in the soil for respiration and produce nitrogen gas
Occurs under anaerobic conditions

Question 30

How can you make a transgenic organism?

Answer 30

Identify a gene you want to transfer

Cut out from dna with restriction enzymes

Plasmid prepared for dna insertion

Restriction enzyme cure open plasmid

Gene inserted into plasmid and liger joins together

Plasma (vector) introduced into dna of cell

Question 31

How can a transgenic organism be tested for containing the new gene?

Answer 31

By saying techniques