Physics Flashcards
10^-9
Nano
10^-6
Micro
10^-3
Milli
10^-2
Centi
10^1
Deci
10^3
Kilo
10^6
Mega
What is the mass of an e-?
9.11x10^-31 kg
What is the mass of a proton?
1.67x10^-27 kg
What is the elementary charge (charge of e-)?
1.602x10^-19 C
What is the speed of light?
3x10^8 m/s
How many C is the eV?
1 eV = 1.602x10^-19 C
What is the unit for frequency?
Hertz (Hz)
What is the unit for current (I)?
Ampere (C/s)
What are the units for angular acceleration (α)?
Rad/s^2
What are the units for angular momentum (L)?
Kg*(m^2) / s
What are the units for angular velocity (ω)?
Rad/s
What are the units for capacitance (C)?
Farad F (C/V)
What is the conversion between coulomb and ampere?
C = A*s
What are the units for density (ρ)?
Kg/m^3
What are the units for electric field (E)?
V/m
What are the units for ε(naught) (emf)?
Volt (V)
What is the conversion of J?
J = (kg*m^2)/s^2
What are the units for entropy (S)?
J/K
What is a Newton (N)?
N = kg*m/s^2 = J/m
What are the units for magnetic field?
B = Tesla (Wb/m^2)
T also = N / As = Ns / Cm
Wb = Weber
What are the units for momentum?
Kg*m/s
What are the units for electrical potential?
V = voltage = J/C
What are the units for power?
P = watt (W) = J/s
What are the units for resistance (Ω)?
Ohms Ω = V/A
What are the units for torque (τ)?
N*m
What is cos(0)?
(Sq. Root 4)/2 = 1
What is cos(30)?
(Sq. Root 3)/2
What is cos(45)?
(Sq. Root 2)/2 = 1/(sq. Root 2)
What is cos(60)?
(Sq. Root 1)/2 = 1/2
What is cos(90)
0
What is sin(0)?
0
What is sin(30)?
(Sq root 1)/2 = 1/2
What is sin(45)?
(Sq. Root 2)/2 = 1/(sq root 2)
What is sin(60)?
(Sq. Root 3)/2
What is sin(90)?
1
What is tan(0)?
0
What is tan(30)?
1/(sq. Root 3)
What is tan(45)?
1
What is tan(60)?
Sq root 3
How are Force, distance, and work related?
W=Fdcosθ
What is the work-energy theorem?
W(total) = ΔKE
How are Power, work, and time related?
P = W/t
How are power, force, and velocity related?
P = Fv if v is constant
What is mechanical energy?
ΔE = KE+ PE
What is the equation for center of mass?
(m1x1 + m2x2+…)/(m1 + m2 +….)
What is the equation for F due to static friction?
F = μ(s)(Fn)
Fn = normal force
What is the First law of thermodynamics?
ΔE = Q + W
How are work, pressure, and volume related?
W = PΔV
What is the equation for centripetal acceleration?
a = v^2/r
What are the equations for centripetal force?
F = ma = m(v^2/r)
a = centripetal acceleration
How are torque and force related?
Torque = τ = rFsin(θ) = LF
L = length of lever arm
How are momentum and velocity related?
p = mv
How are impulse and force related?
J = Ft
What is the impulse-momentum theorem?
J = Δp
What is the equation for stress?
S = F/A
What is the equation for strain?
Strain = ΔL/L
L = length
What is the equation for density?
ρ = mass/volume
What is the density of pure water
1000 kg/m^3
What is specific gravity?
density object / density water
What is the buoyant force?
F = (ρ fluid)(volume submerged)g
How are pressure and force related?
P = F/A A = area
What is the gauge pressure?
Pgauge = P - Patm
What is Pascal’s law?
F1/A1 = F2/A2
What is the volume flow rate?
Flow = Av
What is the continuity equation?
A1v1 = A2v2
What is Bernoulli’s equation?
P1 + ρgy1 + 1/2ρv1^2 = P2 + ρgy2 + 1/2ρv2^2
ρ = density v = velocity
What is current (I)?
I = Q/t
What is resistance?
R = V/I
R = p(L/A) p = resistivity of material L = length of wire A = cross sectional area of wire
How do you find the total resistance in series?
R = R1 + R2 + …
How do you find the total resistance in parallel?
1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 +….
What is the power in a circuit?
P = IV = I^2/R = V^2/R
What is the power in an AC circuit?
P = I(rms)*V(rms) = (I(max)/2 * V(max)/2)
What is Hooke’s law for springs?
F = -kx
What is the PE of a spring?
1/2kx^2
How are frequency and period related?
f = 1/T T = 1/f
What is the frequency of a spring?
f = (1/2π)*(sq root k/m)
What is the period of a spring.
T = 2π * (sq root m/k)
What is the frequency of a pendulum?
f = (1/2π) * (sq root g/L) g = gravitational acceleration L = length of arm to mass
How are frequency and wavelength related?
λf = v
What is the harmonic frequency (for springs/pendulums)?
f = n * (v/2L)
What is the harmonic wavelength (for springs/pendulums)?
λ = 2L/n
What is capacitance?
C = Q/V
What is the capacitance of a parallel plate?
ε(naught)*(A/d)
ε(naught) = emf
What is the capacitance with dielectric?
C = κ * C(without)
What is the electric field between 2 plates?
E = V/d
What is the PE of the electric field?
PE = 1/2 QV = 1/2CV^2 = Q^2/2C
How are capacitors in series calculated?
1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 +…
How are capacitors in parallel calculated?
C = C1 + C2 +…
What is the velocity of sound?
v = sq root (B/ρ)
What is intensity?
I = Power / area
How is the intensity level calculated (in dB)?
β = 10log(I/I(naught))
What is the frequency of sound in an open-ended pipe?
f = (nv/2L)
What is the wavelength of sound in an open-ended pipe?
λ = (2L/n)
What is the frequency of sound in a closed-ended pipe?
f = (nv/4L)
What is the wavelength of sound in a closed-ended pipe?
λ = (4L/n) (odd n)
What is the beat frequency?
f = absolute value (f1 - f2)
What is the Doppler effect?
f = (v +/- vd)/(v -/+ vs)*fs vd = speed at which detector is moving vs = speed at which source is moving v = speed of wave fd = frequency heard by detector fs = frequency emitted by source
Explain the Doppler effect
If the source and detector are moving CLOSER together (one or both), the detected frequency will be HIGHER than the emitted frequency
If the source and detector are moving FURTHER apart, the detected frequency will be LOWER than the emitted frequency
To sum: approaching higher detected frequency
receding lower detected frequency
What is Coulomb’s law?
F = k((abs value q1 * abs value q2)) / r^2)
What is the electric field due to a point charge?
E = k ((abs value Q) / r^2 )
What is the force of the electric field?
F = qE
What is the electric potential due to a point charge?
φ = k (Q/r)
What is the change in potential energy of the electric field?
ΔΡΕ = qΔφ = qV
What is the magnetic force?
F = q(v x B) = qvBsinθ
What is the energy of a photon?
E = hf = hc/λ c = speed of light = 3.0 x 10^8 m/s
What is the index of refraction?
n = c/v c = speed of light in vacuum v = speed of light in media
What is the law of refraction?
θ1 = θ2
What is the Snell’s Law?
n1sinθ1 = n2sinθ2
What is the total internal refraction?
TIR occurs if θ1>θcrit, where sinθcrit = n2/n1
What is the mirror-lens equation?
(1/o) + (1/i) = 1/f
o = distance to object i = distance to image f = focal length
What is the focal length?
f = R/2 R = radius of curvature
What is magnification?
m = -i/o
What is the lens power?
P = 1/f Ptotal = P1 + P2
What is the photoelectron energy?
KEmax = hf - φ
What is the stopping voltage?
-eVstop = KEmax
What is a^x * a^y?
a^x * a^y? = a^(x+y)
What is a^x / a^y?
a^x / a^y = a^(x-y)
What is (a^x)^y?
(a^x)^y = a^(x*y)
What is (a^0)?
a ^0 = 1
What is a^(-x)?
a^-x = 1/(a^x)
What is (a*b)^x?
(a*b)^x = a^x * b^x
What is (a/b)^x?
(a/b)^x = a^x / b^x
What is sq root (a*b)?
Sq root (a*b) = sq root (a) * sq root (b)
What is sq root (a/b)?
Sq root (a/b) = sq root (a) / sq root (b)
What is q-root (a^x)?
q-root (a^x) = a^(x/q)
How many radians are in 30 degrees?
Π/6
How many radians are in 45 degrees?
Π/4
How many radians are in 60 degrees?
Π/3
How many radians are in 90 degrees?
Π/2
How many radians are in 180 degrees?
Π
What is logb(y*z)?
Logb(y*z) = logb(y) + logb(z)
What is logb(y/z)?
Logb(y/z) = logb(y) - logb(z)
What is logb(y^z)?
Logb(y^z) = zlogb(y)
What are the 4 kinematic equations?
v = v(naught) + at Δx = (v + v(naught))/2 * t Δx = v(naught)*t + 1/2at^2 v^2 = v(naught)^2 + 2aΔx
