Hormones Flashcards
Peptide
Hydrophilic Amino acid derivatives or polypeptides Synthesized in rough ER Bind receptors on cell surface Rapid, short lived
Steroids
Hydrophobic, small Synthesized in Smooth ER Stuck to protein carrier Cytoplasmic receptors Bind to receptors that alter gene expression Slow, long lasting
Tropic hormones
Hormones that regulate hormones
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Stimulate increased activity of adrenal cortex to secrete gluco/mineralcorticioids, ie cortisol
Released by anterior pituitary
Growth Hormone (GH)
Peptide
Increase bone/muscle growth
Increase cell turnover rate
Anterior pituitary
Prolactin
Anterior pituitary
Milk production
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Increase stimulus and release of TH
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Peptide
Anterior pituitary
Ovary/ovulation
Testes/testosterone synthesis
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Peptide
Anterior pituitary
Ovary/follicle development
Testes/spermatogenesis
ADH
Peptide
Vasopressin
Made in Hypothalamus, stored in Posterior pituitary
Kidney-water retention, increases water reabsorption, increase BP
Oxytocin
Peptide
Made in Hypothalamus, stored in Posterior pituitary
Milk letdown
Uterus contraction
Thyroid hormone (TH)
Thyroid
Modified amino acid
Child: necessary for physical and mental development
Adult: increase metabolic rate and temp
Calcitonin
Made in Thyroid T cells
Peptide
Bone, kidney- lowers serum [Ca2+], turns blood [Ca2+] into bone
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Peptide
Made in Parathyroid
Bone, kidney, small intestine-raises serum [Ca2+]
-breaks down bone (resorption)
-increases Ca2+ reabsorption in the kidneys
Thymosin
Children only
Peptide
Thymus
Stimulates T cell development
Epinephrine
Modified amino acid
Adrenal medulla
Sympathetic stress response
Rapid
Cortisol
Glucocorticoid Steroid Longer term stress response Increase blood [glucose] Increase protein catabolism Decrease inflammation and immunity
Aldosterone
Mineralcorticoid
Steroid
Kidney-increase Na+ and water reabsorption to increase BP
Sex steroids
Adrenal cortex
Insulin
β cells secrete in pancreas Peptide Endocrine pancreas (islets of Langerhans) Decrease blood [glucose] Increase glycogen/fat storage
Glucagon
Alpha cells secrete in pancreas
Endocrine pancreas (islets of langerhans)
Increase blood [glucose]
Decrease glycogen/fat storage
Somatostatin
Delta cells secrete
Peptide
Inhibits digestive processes
Endocrine pancreas (islets of langerhans)
Testosterone
Testes
Steroid
Male characteristics
Spermatogenesis
Estrogen
Ovaries
Steroid
Female characteristics
Endometrial growth
Progesterone
Ovaries
Steroid
Endometrial secretion
Pregnancy
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)
Peptide
Heart makes
Kidney-increase urination to decrease BP
Erythropoietin
Peptide
Made by kidney
Bone marrow-increase RBC synthesis
Pituitary makes which hormones?
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
PROLACTIN
ENDORPHINS
GH
What hormones are stored/released but not made in the pituitary
ADH, Oxytocin
GnRH
Made in hypothalamus
Stimulates pituitary to release FSH/LH
Melatonin
Made in the pineal gland, controls sleep
