Hormones

Question 1

Peptide

Answer 1

Hydrophilic
Amino acid derivatives or polypeptides
Synthesized in rough ER
Bind receptors on cell surface
Rapid, short lived

Question 2

Steroids

Answer 2

Hydrophobic, small
Synthesized in Smooth ER
Stuck to protein carrier
Cytoplasmic receptors
Bind to receptors that alter gene expression
Slow, long lasting

Question 3

Tropic hormones

Answer 3

Hormones that regulate hormones

Question 4

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 4

Stimulate increased activity of adrenal cortex to secrete gluco/mineralcorticioids, ie cortisol
Released by anterior pituitary

Question 5

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 5

Peptide
Increase bone/muscle growth
Increase cell turnover rate
Anterior pituitary

Question 6

Prolactin

Answer 6

Anterior pituitary

Milk production

Question 7

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 7

Increase stimulus and release of TH

Question 8

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 8

Peptide
Anterior pituitary
Ovary/ovulation
Testes/testosterone synthesis

Question 9

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 9

Peptide
Anterior pituitary
Ovary/follicle development
Testes/spermatogenesis

Question 10

ADH

Answer 10

Peptide
Vasopressin
Made in Hypothalamus, stored in Posterior pituitary
Kidney-water retention, increases water reabsorption, increase BP

Question 11

Oxytocin

Answer 11

Peptide
Made in Hypothalamus, stored in Posterior pituitary
Milk letdown
Uterus contraction

Question 12

Thyroid hormone (TH)

Answer 12

Thyroid
Modified amino acid
Child: necessary for physical and mental development
Adult: increase metabolic rate and temp

Question 13

Calcitonin

Answer 13

Made in Thyroid T cells
Peptide
Bone, kidney- lowers serum [Ca2+], turns blood [Ca2+] into bone

Question 14

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 14

Peptide
Made in Parathyroid
Bone, kidney, small intestine-raises serum [Ca2+]
-breaks down bone (resorption)
-increases Ca2+ reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 15

Thymosin

Answer 15

Children only
Peptide
Thymus
Stimulates T cell development

Question 16

Epinephrine

Answer 16

Modified amino acid
Adrenal medulla
Sympathetic stress response
Rapid

Question 17

Cortisol

Answer 17

Glucocorticoid 
Steroid
Longer term stress response 
Increase blood [glucose] 
Increase protein catabolism
Decrease inflammation and immunity

Question 18

Aldosterone

Answer 18

Mineralcorticoid
Steroid
Kidney-increase Na+ and water reabsorption to increase BP

Question 19

Sex steroids

Answer 19

Adrenal cortex

Question 20

Insulin

Answer 20

β cells secrete in pancreas
Peptide
Endocrine pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
Decrease blood [glucose]
Increase glycogen/fat storage

Question 21

Glucagon

Answer 21

Alpha cells secrete in pancreas
Endocrine pancreas (islets of langerhans)
Increase blood [glucose]
Decrease glycogen/fat storage

Question 22

Somatostatin

Answer 22

Delta cells secrete
Peptide
Inhibits digestive processes
Endocrine pancreas (islets of langerhans)

Question 23

Testosterone

Answer 23

Testes
Steroid
Male characteristics
Spermatogenesis

Question 24

Estrogen

Answer 24

Ovaries
Steroid
Female characteristics
Endometrial growth

Question 25

Progesterone

Answer 25

Ovaries
Steroid
Endometrial secretion
Pregnancy

Question 26

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)

Answer 26

Peptide
Heart makes
Kidney-increase urination to decrease BP

Question 27

Erythropoietin

Answer 27

Peptide
Made by kidney
Bone marrow-increase RBC synthesis

Question 28

Pituitary makes which hormones?

Answer 28

FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH

PROLACTIN
ENDORPHINS
GH

Question 29

What hormones are stored/released but not made in the pituitary

Answer 29

ADH, Oxytocin

Question 30

GnRH

Answer 30

Made in hypothalamus

Stimulates pituitary to release FSH/LH

Question 31

Melatonin

Answer 31

Made in the pineal gland, controls sleep