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Science 10-1 > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

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0
Q

How do you calculate an objects average speed?

A

Divide the distance traveled by the time elapsed.

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1
Q

What is uniform motion?

A

A term used to describe an object that is traveling at a constant rate of motion in a straight line.

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2
Q

What is a scaler quantity?

A

A scaler quantity is one that only indicates the magnitude of the quantity.

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3
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

A vector quantity indicates the magnitude and direction of the quantity.

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4
Q

Categorize these quantities as vector or scaler;

  • Displacement -Energy
  • Time -Velocity
  • Force -Acceleration
  • Distance -Speed
A

Scaler Vector

  • Energy -Displacement
  • Time -Velocity
  • Distance -Force
  • Speed -Acceleration
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5
Q

What are the two kinds of vector diagrams we are studying?

A

The Cartesian Plane Method and the Navigator Method

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6
Q

What is the difference between the Cartesian Plane Method and the Navigator Method?

A

The Cartesian Plane Method begins at 0 degrees on the X axis and goes counterclockwise. The Navigator Method begins at 0 degrees on the Y axis and goes clockwise.

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7
Q

What are the 4 main significant digit rules?

A
  1. Leading zero’s don’t count
  2. Middle and ending zero’s count
  3. When adding and subtracting, round sig. digs. to the lowest decimal place.
  4. When multiplying and dividing, round to the lowest sig. dig.
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8
Q

What is the definition of force?

A

A push or pull on an object

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9
Q

Important note:

A

Objects that have unbalanced forces acting upon them will undergo non-uniform motion.

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10
Q

Why is the idea of a perpetual motion machine impossible according to the laws of thermodynamics?

A

Not everything is 100% efficient. The machine will lose energy due to friction until it eventually stops.

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11
Q

The efficiency of a device is the…

a. difference between the useful work output and total work input
b. ratio of the useful work output to the total input energy
c. ratio of the total input energy to the useful work output
d. sum of the waste energy and the useful work output

A

b. ratio of the useful work output to the total input work

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12
Q

How do you calculate efficiency?

A

Energy output divided by energy input multiplied by 100 = Efficiency

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13
Q

What is the unit for work and energy?

A

Joules

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14
Q

What three things must happen for work to be done?

A
  1. There must be movement
  2. There must be a force
  3. The force and the distance the object is traveling must be in the same direction
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15
Q

What equation is equivalent to W=Fd?

A

J=N*m

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16
Q

How would you convert 129562.49 into scientific notation?(Assuming there are 3 sig. digs)

A

1.30 * 10 to the power of 5

17
Q

What are the five main types of solar energy?

A
  1. Solar Radiation
  2. Wind Energy
  3. Water Energy
  4. Biomass
  5. Fossil Fuels
18
Q

What are the three main types of non-solar energy?

A
  1. Nuclear Energy
  2. Geothermal Energy
  3. Tidal Energy
19
Q

What is potential energy?

A

Stored energy that can be converted into other forms

20
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Energy due to motion

21
Q

Who was Count Rumford? What was his hypothesis?

A

He was the minster of war in Bavaria in 1800. The first to disprove the caloric theory, Count Rumford did experiments as to why heat was created when holes were bore in cannons.

22
Q

How do you calculate gravitational potential energy?

A

Multiply the mass of the object by the gravitational acceleration rate (9.81), then multiply the total by the height of the object.

23
Q

Name two of the four theories of heat.

A

Possible answers;

  1. Theory of the 4 elements
  2. Phlogiston theory
  3. Caloric theory
  4. Kinetic motion theory
24
Q

What can you find when you add gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy together?

A

The sum of gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy is mechanical energy

25
Q

What is the equation for calculating kinetic energy?

A

Ek=1/2 of m multiplied by v to the power of 2

26
Q

How do you convert km/h to m/s?

A

km/h divided by 3.6 will give you m/s.

27
Q

List four different kinds of potential energy.

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Nuclear (solar)
  3. Elastic
  4. Gravitational
28
Q

What is the four step cycle of an Internal Combustion Engine?

A
  1. Intake stroke
  2. Compression stroke
  3. Power stroke
  4. Exhaust stroke
29
Q

What are some befits to saving energy?

A
  1. More cost efficient
  2. Conserves non-renewable resources
  3. Reduces pollution
30
Q

What is the first Law of Thermodynamics?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted into other types of energy.

31
Q

What is the second Law of Thermodynamics?

A

It is not possible for any process to take energy and convert it entirely into work.

32
Q

Describe the first ever steam engine

A

The first steam engine was named the Hero of Alexandria after a Greek inventor. It was invented sometime between 130 B.C and 70 A.D, but was only considered a toy since it had no practical uses.

33
Q

List these steam engines in order of least to most efficient:

  • Otto Steam Engine
  • Newcomen Steam Engine
  • Savery Steam Engine
  • Daimler Steam Engine
  • Watt Steam Engine
A
  1. Savery Steam Engine
  2. Newcomen Steam Engine
  3. Watt Steam Engine
  4. Daimler Steam Engine
  5. Otto Steam Engine
34
Q

Globally, which energy resource provides the most energy each year?

a. coal
b. wind power
c. conventional oil
d. hydro-electric power

A

c. conventional oil

Our global yearly oil consumption is 150 by 10 to the power of 18!

35
Q

Name 2 ways you can conserve energy

A

Possible answers:

  1. Turn off unnecessary lights
  2. Turn down the thermostat at night
  3. Take a bus or carpool
  4. Avoid using energy-wasting appliances
  5. Take shorter showers
36
Q

The area under a velocity/time graph line is equal to…

a. speed
b. force
c. displacement
d. distance

A

d. distance

37
Q

The slope of a velocity/time graph is equal to…

a. speed
b. acceleration
c. mass
d. work

A

b. acceleration

38
Q

What is the difference between positive and negative acceleration?

A

Negative acceleration is when the change in speed is opposite to the direction of motion. Positive acceleration is when the change in speed follows the direction of motion.

39
Q

How can you calculate weight in Newtons with only the mass of the object?

A

Weight can be found by multiplying the mass by the gravitational acceleration.

Science 10-1 (3 decks)

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