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Science GCSE > Physics 2 - Electricity > Flashcards

Physics 2 - Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

Give the unit and the unit symbol of: Charge

A

Coulomb - C

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2
Q

2.3 Describe the transfer of energy in an electrical resistor*

A

Electrical transfer of energy (electrical working) to thermal energy

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3
Q

2.3 Explain at a particle level why there is a transfer of energy in an electrical resistor*

A

Electrons flow through the resistor - which is made of a fixed lattice of ions.

The electrons collide with the lattice of ions and transfer their kinetic energy causing them to vibrate more - causing an increase in temperature

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4
Q

2.4 Write down the relationship between electrical power, current and voltage in words and symbols*

A

P = I x V

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5
Q

2.5 Write down the relationship between electrical energy transferred, current, voltage and time in words and symbols (this will be given to you)*

A

Energy transferred = IVt

Energy transferred = current x voltage x time

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6
Q

2.7 Give an example of where a series circuit is more appropriate than a parallel circuit and why.

A

An electric lawn mower - so electricity can be cut off with one switch

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7
Q

2.7 Give examples of where a parallel circuit is more appropriate than a series circuit and why

A

Lighting system in a home - so you can turn lights on and off individually

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8
Q

2.8 Give the two factors that affect the current in a series circuit

A

Voltage/potential difference

Number/nature of other components in a circuit

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9
Q

2.22P State whether a metal and a plastic are good conductors or insulators

A

Conductor - Metal

Insulator - Plastic

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10
Q

2.23P Practical: Describe and explain how to make a polythene rod charged

A

Rub the polythene rod with a dust cloth

Electrons move from the cloth to the rod making the rod negatively charged

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11
Q

2.23P Practical: Describe and explain how to make an acetate rod charged

A

Same as with a polythene rod but electrons move from the rod to the dust cloth, making the rod positively charged

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12
Q

2.23P Design an experiment to determine whether the polythene or acetate rods are charged using a gold-leaf electroscope and explain how the experiment shows this

A

Bring the rod near the brass cap

For the negative polythene rod, the electrons in the cap are repelled down to the gold leaf and brass plate. These both become negative and repel each other.

For the positive acetate rod, the electrons are attracted to the top and the positive charge flows downwards to the gold leaf and brass plate. They are both positive and repel each other

SEE ONENOTE FOR DIAGRAM

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13
Q

2.23P Design an experiment to determine whether the polythene or acetate rods are charged using a hanging charged rod and explain how the experiment shows this

A

Hang the two rods close to each other

If the two rods repel, they have the same charges

If they attract, the rods have different charges

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14
Q

2.24P Describe how a material can become positively or negatively charged

A

Loss of electrons - positively charged

Gain of electrons - negatively charged

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15
Q

2.26P Explain how a positively charged rod can pick up small pieces of paper

A

When a +ve charged rod is brought close to small pieces of paper, the electrons in the paper are attracted to rod and move closer to the rod.

This is enough attraction to pick up the paper

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16
Q
  1. 27P Explain the potential dangers of electrostatic charge when fuelling aircraft and tankers.
  2. 27P Describe how this danger can be reduced
A

Friction between the fuel and the pipe can cause the fuel to pick up a charge. This charge can build up in the fuel tank and cause a spark - that would ignite the fuel.

It is prevented by:

Making the nozzles out of metal so charge is conducted away
Use an earthing strip between the fuel tank and fuel pipe

17
Q

2.28P Explain how a photocopier works using static electricity

A

The image plate (sheet where you place the document) is positively charged, and an image of the document is projected onto it.

The white bits of the original make the light fall onto the plate, and the charge leaks away - leaving the other rest positively charged.

These parts attract negatively charged black powder which is transferred onto the paper.

The paper is heated so the powder sticks.

SEE ONENOTE FOR DIAGRAM

18
Q

2.28P Explain how an inkjet printer works using static electricity

A

Ink droplets are forced out of a fine nozzle, making them charged.

They are then deflected when they are fired between two charged metal plates.

The size and direction of these ink depends on the voltage across the plates

The deflected droplets hit the paper in different places.

SEE ONENOTE FOR DIAGRAM

19
Q

2.28P Explain how a paint sprayer works using static electricity

A

A negative nozzle transfers charge onto the paint.

This creates a fine spray as the ink drops repel each other (all negatively charged)

The positively charged item attracts these droplets so it gets an even coating

20
Q

2.9 Design an experiment to investigate how current depends on voltage in a component

A

Change increments of voltage and measure the effect on the current with the component.

Independent Variable: Voltage - changes using a variable resistor or a variable power supply. Measure it using a voltmeter connected in parallel to the component.

Dependant Variable: Current - measure using an ammeter

Depending on the component used (e.g. bulb) state the range of voltages used and the increments you will use.

Plot the values on a current-voltage graph

21
Q

2.9 Sketch a current-voltage graph show how current depends on applied voltage in a:

Wire or Resistor at constant temperature

A

Proportional relationship - straight line, y=x

22
Q

2.9 Sketch a current-voltage graph show how current depends on applied voltage in a:

Metal filament lamp

A

Proportional relationship until current increases enough - when the resistance increases (due to the increased heat so increased resistance) so the voltage decreases.

Therefore it curves flatter once it gets high enough

SEE ON ONENOTE

23
Q

2.9 Describe the effect of increasing resistance on the current in the circuit

A

Increasing the resistance decreases the current

24
Q

2.10 For an LDR
Sketch a resistance-intensity graph
Describe the shape of the curve
Draw the circuit symbol

A

See Onenote
Resistance decreases as light intensity increases
The rate of decrease of resistance is highest at low light intensity
They have a NON LINEAR RELATIONSHIP

25
Q

2.11 For a thermistor
Sketch a resistance-intensity graph
Describe the shape of the curve
Draw the circuit symbol

A

See Onenote
Resistance decreases as temperature increases
The rate of decrease of resistance is highest at low temperatures
They have a NON LINEAR RELATIONSHIP

26
Q

2.13 Write down the relationship between voltage, current and resistance in words and symbols

A

Voltage = Current x Resistance

27
Q

2.14 Define current

A

The rate of flow of charge

28
Q

2.15 Write down the relationship between charge, current and time in words and symbols

A 
Charge = Current x Time
Q = It
29
Q

2.17 State and explain how the current entering a junction is related to the current leaving a junction

A

The current entering a junction must equal the current leaving a junction
Charge cannot be created or destroyed and cannot be stored at the junction

30
Q

2.18 Describe the current through and the voltage across two components in series

A

The current through each component is the same

The total voltage across both components is the sum of the voltage across each component, V_total=V_1+V_2+…

31
Q

2.18 Describe the current through and voltage across two components in parallel

A

The total current is equal to the sum of the currents through the individual components, I_total=I_1+I_2+…
The voltage across each component is the same

32
Q

2.20 Define voltage/potential difference

A

The electrical energy transferred [electrical working] per unit charge passed

33
Q

2.20 Write down a volt in terms of joules and coulombs

A

The volt is a joule per coulomb

34
Q

2.21 Write down the relationship between energy transferred, charge and voltage in words and symbols

A

Energytransferred = Charge x Voltage

Science GCSE (16 decks)

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