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Science 10 Biology > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What are sigdigs

A

Significant Digits

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2
Q

Are leading zeros significant?

A

No

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3
Q

What digits are significant?

A

In between zeros, trailing zeros, and non-zero numbers.

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4
Q

What is Uniform Motion?

A

Moving at a constant rate in the same direction

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5
Q

What is Average Speed

A

A change in distance over a given time interval

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6
Q

What is the formula for average speed?

A

Average speed(m/s)=distance(m)/time(seconds)
or V=d/t

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7
Q

What is the slope of a Distance-Time Graph?

A

The slope of a distance-time graph represents speed.

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8
Q

How do I calculate the slope of a Distance-Time Graph?

A

Slope=rise/run or y2-y1/ X2-x1

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9
Q

What does the steepness of a slope tell us

A

How fast the object is moving.

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10
Q

What does a Speed-Time graph give us

A

Distance.

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11
Q

What are Scalar Quantities?

A

Have a magnitude (size) only, no direction associated with it!
examples:time, mass, distance, speed, energy, work

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12
Q

What are Vector Quantities?

A

Have both magnitude and direction.
Examples:displacement, velocity, force, acceleration

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13
Q

What is Position?

A

The separation between an object and its starting point/a reference point (usually 0).

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14
Q

What are the positive Vector sign conventions?

A

forwards,up,right,east,north.

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15
Q

What are the negative Vector Sign conventions?

A

Backwards,down,left,west,south

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16
Q

Is Displacement a Scalar or Vector Quantity?

A

Vector.

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17
Q

Is Distance a scalar or vector quantity?

A

Scalar.

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18
Q

How to calculate distance

A

example: add up numbers
20km + 50km + 10km = 80km

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19
Q

How to calculate Displacement?

A

Example: Add up numbers with integers
(-20km) + (+50km) + (-10km) = 20km

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20
Q

What is Average Velocity?

A

A change in position during a time interval

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21
Q

What do arrows represent?

A

Vector Quantities.

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22
Q

What is the formula for Average Velocity

A

-> ->
V = d / t or Average velocity(M/s)= displacement(m)/time(seconds)

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23
Q

How is velocity different from speed?

A

Consider this: you are drive 300 km south from Edmonton to Calgary in 3 hours. Then you drive back home in the same amount of time. During your whole trip, since you went straight back you’re displacement is 0 km because you didn’t change direction while distance is 600km.

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24
Q

What does the slope of a Position-Time Graph represent?

A

The slope of a position-time graph represents velocity

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25
Q

How do I calculate Displacement?

A

Displacement (m) = final or ending position (m) - initial or starting position (m)

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26
Q

What is Acceleration?

A

The change in velocity during a given time interval.

27
Q

What is the formula for Acceleration?

A

acceleration=final velocity-initial velocity/time interval.

28
Q

What are the units for a Acceleration formula?

A

Acceleration:m/s^2
Velocity=m/s
Time Interval:Seconds

29
Q

If an object is speeding up or down is it uniform motion?

A

No! Uniform Motion is constant speed.

30
Q

What does the Delta symbol mean?

A

Change in

31
Q

If Vehicle A is speeding up(+) and going in a positive direction(+) what kind of acceleration is occuring?

A

Positive Acceleration.
Why?
Two positives is a positive.

32
Q

If Vehicle A is speeding up(+) but going in a negative direction(-) what kind of acceleration is occuring?

A

Negative Acceleration.
Why?
A positive and a negative make a negative.

33
Q

If Vehicle A is Slowing down(-) but is going in a positive direction(+) what kind of acceleration is occuring?

A

Negative Acceleration.
Why?
A positive and a negative make a negative.

34
Q

If Vehicle A is slowing down(-) and is going in a negative direction(-) what kind of acceleration is occuring?

A

Positive Acceleration.
Two negatives make a positive.

35
Q

How does the slope of a position time graph work?

A

the steepest part of the curve is the fastest and the flattest part the slowest

(so speeding up is flat at the start, steep at the end and slowing down is steep at the start, flat at the end)

36
Q

What is force?

A

A push or pull (can transfer energy from one object to another or concert from one form to another)

37
Q

What are the units for the force formula?

A

Force- Newtons (N)
mass- Kilograms (kg)
acceleration- miles per second squared (m/s^2)

38
Q

Is force vector or scalar?

A

The direction of force matters in motion transfer or energy conversion- so it is vector

39
Q

What is mass?

A

Amount of matter that makes up an object measured in kg (scalar); is the same everywhere

40
Q

What is weight?

A

Force exerted on an object by gravity measured in N (vector) and dependent on gravity

41
Q

How do force vs. displacement graphs work?

A

calculate the area under the graph and it gives you the work.

42
Q

What is net force?

A

sum of all forces acting upon an object

43
Q

What is the effect of mass ?

A

objects with a greater mass has a more difficult time overcoming opposing forces; heavier objects experience decceleration/decrease rate of acceleration when a force is applied

44
Q

What is Newton’s First Law of Motion?

A

In the abscence of a net force, an object in motion will maintain its velocity and an object at rest will remain at rest

45
Q

What is Newton’s Second Law of Motion?

A

An object will accelerate in the direction of the net force acting upon it. The object’s rate of acceleration is inversely related to its mass

46
Q

What is work?

A

transfer of energy from one object to another or conversion of energy from one form to another

47
Q

What is energy?

A

The ability to do work

48
Q

What is the criteria for work to be done?

A

1) Object must move some distance
2) a force must be applied
3) the direction of movement must be the same direction as the applied force

49
Q

What are the three different types of energy

A

Kinetic Energy- energy due to motion

Potential Energy- energy stored in an object due to state or position

Mechanical Energy- sum of an object’s energy (kinetic+potential)

50
Q

Types of kinetic energy?

A

electrical- energy created by moving electrons

thermal- heat created by moving electrons

light- light travels in waves

sound- sound travels in waves

51
Q

Types of Potential Energy?

A

chemical- energy stored in bonds of compounds released in a reaction

elastic- energy stored in an object that is stretched or squished

nuclear- energy released in nuclear fission/fusion

gravitational- energy stored in an object because of its position above ground

52
Q

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

A

energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only converted from one form to another

53
Q

What is the Second Law od Thermodynamics?

A

no energy is 100% efficient; some energy is always lost as heat when converting from one form to another

54
Q

What is efficiency?

A

measurement of how much energy input a machine converts into useful energy output

55
Q

What is a perfect machine?

A

Imaginary machine that would convert 100% of input energy into desired output. Also called a perpetual motion machine

56
Q

What type of energy is fossil fuels?

A

fuels made of dead matter

57
Q

WHat type of energy is hydroelectric?

A

uses water to create electricity

58
Q

What type of energy is solar?

A

radiant energy from the sun is converted into electricity

59
Q

What type of energy is wind?

A

kinetic energy of wind used to spin turbines and creates electricity

60
Q

What type of energy is geothermal?

A

heat from inside Earth is used to heat water into steam to spin turbines

61
Q

What type of energy is tidal?

A

Moving water from tides used to spin turbines and create electricity

62
Q

what type of energy is nuclear?

A

Disintegrates uranium (nuclear fission) to create heat to turn a turbine

63
Q

What is solar energy?

A

derived directly or indirectly from the sunW

64
Q
A

Science 10 Biology (2 decks)

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