Physics Flashcards
Conversion
10^12- Tera (T)
10^9- Giga (G)
10^6- Mega (M)
10^3- Kilo (k)
10^2- Hecto (h)
10^-2 - centi (c)
10^-3 - milli (m)
10^-6 - mico (funny m)
10^-9 - nano (n)
10^ -12 - pico (p)
Law of indicies
✖️➡️➕
➗➡️➖
➖➡️✖️
Conversion example
250cm to m
250✖️10^-2m
=2.5m
Resultant vector formula
R= square root a^2 + b^2
What is a vector quantity and a eg?
A vector quantity is one that requires both magnitude and direction in order to be fully understood e.g force, acceleration, velocity, displacement
What is a scalar quantity and a eg
A scalar quantity is one that only requires magnitude in order to be fully understood e.g time, speed, mass, length, temperature
Suvat equations
U- initial velocity
V- final velocity
V- average, uniform velocity (with the style at the top)
What happens to a body with a constant displacement?
It keeps the same location for a period of time
Constant, increasing and decreasing what kind of gradient do they have?
Constant(no movement)- zero gradient
Increasing- positive gradient
Decreasing- negative gradient
Formula for gradient
Gradient m, is velocity
V= SB- SA / tB - tA
Where S is displacement and t is time
What is the formula for force
F= m✖️a
Force(N) = mass(kg) ✖️acceleration(m/s^2)
What are the two types of forces
Contact (physical touch)- occur when bodies are touching eg friction
Non contact (act from a distant)- forces that act from a distance eg magnetic
Formula for when force is applied to a spring
F=k x where:
F is load
X is extension
K is spring constant
What is momentum?
The momentum of a body speaks to the amount of motion that this body possesses
Momentum formula
Momentum= mass (kg)✖️velocity (m/s)
What is collision
A collision is an event which a moving body hits another body and after the impact the bodies may stick together or separate
What is it known as when a body separate after collision
This is known as the elastic collision
What is it known as when the body sticks together after collision
This is known as an inelastic collision
What is moment
Moment also known as the torque is the turning effect that the force has on a body
What is the formula for moment
M=F (N)✖️S (m)
What is another name for gravitational force
Weight
What is the weight formula
W=m✖️g
G= 10m/s^2
What is equilibrium
Equilibrium is the state of being balanced, level or equal
What are the types of equilibrium and their meaning
• center of gravity- this is the balance point of an object.
• stable equilibrium- this is when an object returns to its original position after being slightly disturbed.
• unstable equilibrium- this is when an object is in a position where even an tiny disturbance can cause it to fall over.
• neutral equilibrium- this is when an object remains in its new position after being disturbed.
Stability
Finish the sentences:
A) The wider the base the….
B) the lower the center of gravity the…
The wider the base the more stable the object (stable means less likely to fall)
The lower the center of gravity the more stable the object
What is the meaning of effort and load force?
Effort force- this is force supplied by user into system machine.
Load force- this is the force the user is trying to overcome (the work that needs to be done)
What is a force multiplier and a distance multiplier
A force multiplier is a device or machine that enables a small effort to overcome a large load eg: crowbar, hammer, boom
A distance multiplier uses a small distance at the effort end to overcome a large distance at the load end eg: fishing rod, bicycle gears
What is the difference between force multiplier and distance multiplier
Force multiplier focuses on increasing the force applied while, a distance multiplier focuses on increasing the distance over which the force is applied
What is mechanical advantage and its formula
Mechanical advantage is described as the ratio of the load to the effort
M.A= load(N) / effort(N)
Note: mechanical advantage has no newtons or units because it is an dimensionless quantity
What is work?
Work is said to be done when:
A) a force is applied to a body and the body moves in the direction of the force that is applied to it.
B) when energy changes magnitude, form or state.
What is energy?
Energy is the ability to do work
What are some forms of energy
Electrical, mechanical, nuclear, heat
What are the states of energy
Potential and kinetic
What is the symbol and formula for work
W is the symbol for work
W=force✖️displacement
W=F✖️S
What is gravitational potential energy
The stored energy that a body has due to its location (height) in a gravitational field
G.P.E= m(kg) g(m/s^2)✖️h (m)
What is power
The rate at which work is done
Formula for power
Power= work done / time taken
P= F s/t = F✖️V
What unit is power measured in
Watts
Graphs of a motion gradient is
a= 🔼v / 🔼t ,v is m/s^-1 and t is s
Areas under velocity time graph
Triangle= 1/2 base✖️height= 1/2✖️t✖️(v-u)
Rectangle= base✖️height= u✖️t=ut
Mechanical advantage
Mechanical advantage= load / effort
