Physics Flashcards
Components of a standard measurement system
Input
Transducer
Transmission path
Conditioning unit
Display unit
Output
Digital or analogue
What factors affect a system output?
Accuracy
Precision
Sensitivity
Drift
Gain
How can flow be measured?
Wright respirometer
Pneumotachograph
Rotameter
How is electrical equipment classified?
Mains protection:
Class 1: earthed casing
Class 2: Double insulated casing
Class 3: battery operated
Leakage current (Normal Conditions/ Single Fault Conditions)
B/ BF: 0.1mA/ 0.5mA
C/ CF: 0.01mA/ 0.05mA
Hazards of diathermy
Burns
Electric shocks
Pacemaker interference
Monitor interference
Methods of measuring temperature
Non-electrical
-liquid expansion thermometers
-gas expansion thermometers
-bimetallic strip dial thermometer
-chemical (liquid crystal) thermometer
Electrical
-Thermocouple (Seebeck effect)
-Resistance thermometer
-Thermistor
-Infrared
Components of an active scavenging system?
Collecting system
Transfer system
Receiving system
Disposal system
Exterior
Oxygen concentration measuring devices
Clark polarographic electrode
Galvanic fuel cell
Paramagnetic oxygen analyser
Mass Spectrometer
Raman spectroscopy
Components of an arterial line
Arterial cannula
Tubing
Three-way tap and flush
Pressurised fluid bag
Diaphragm
Transducer and wheatstone bridge circuit
Microprocessor and display
Sources of Art Line inaccuracy
Calibration error
Transducer height
Natural frequency and resonance
Frequency response
Damping
Methods of Cardiac Output monitoring
Fick’s principle
Thermal/ dye dilution technique
Doppler ultrasound
Electrical bioimpedance
Arterial pulse pressure contour analysis
Functions of an anaesthetic machine
Accurately and continuously deliver a gas and volatile mix to the patient at a safe pressure
What are the safety features of an anaesthetic machine?
Power supply and backup
Gas supply
Gas flow measurement and control
Vaporisers
Oxygen failure warning device
Oxygen flush
Adjustable pressure-limiting valve
Common gas outlet
Monitoring
Classify the types of vaporiser
VIC vs VOC
Regulation of output:
Variable Bypass Vaporisers
-Plenum vaporisers +/- electronic control
Measured Flow Vaporisers
-Desflurane vaporiser
-Direct Injection of Volatile Anaesthetic (DIVA)
Temperature compensation:
-Thermo-compensation vs supplied heat
Method of vaporisation:
-flow over
-Bubble through
-Jet injection
Modes of stimulation of neuromuscular monitoring
Single twitch
Train of four
Tetanic stimulation
Post-tetanic count
Double burst stimulation
