Physics

Question 1

the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress.

Answer 1

PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT

Question 2

the speed and the direction of motion of an object.

Answer 2

velocity

Question 3

measures the number of wave cycles (or frequency) passing through a given point in a second.

Answer 3

velocity

Question 4

the number of waves that pass a fixed point in unit time

Answer 4

frequency

Question 5

the number of cycles or vibrations undergone during one unit of time by a body in periodic motion

Answer 5

frequency

Question 6

distance from the “crest” (top) of one wave to the crest of the next wave

Answer 6

wavelength

Question 7

peak of a wave

Answer 7

crest

Question 8

λ is called the

Answer 8

lambda

Question 9

pattern of disturbance caused by the movement of energy traveling through a medium as it propagates away from the source of the sound

Answer 9

sound wave

Question 10

refers to any reduction in the strength of a signal

Answer 10

attenuation

Question 11

echoes and vibrations are produced when sound waves are:

Answer 11

reflected or reflection

Question 12

sound waves penetrate and produce

Answer 12

heat

Question 13

used to describe the reflection and transmission of acoustic waves at interfaces of two materials with mismatched impedances

Answer 13

acoustic mismatch

Question 14

the subjective perception of sound pressure

Answer 14

sound intensity notation

Question 15

Italian physicist who used soundwaves to determine position of objects

Answer 15

LAZARO SPALLAZANI

Question 16

who studied about bats who used sound to navigate?

Answer 16

LAZARO SPALLAZANI

Question 17

when was sound waves as navigating tool discovered?

Answer 17

1794

Question 18

who invented first machine that could generate soundwaves ?

Answer 18

JACQUES AND PIERRE CURIE

Question 19

when did the french scientist discovered that the electrical currents to quartz crystal they produce sound, more specifically, ultrasonic waves?

Answer 19

1880

Question 20

russian physicist who conceptualize using ultrasound for imaging techniques

Answer 20

SY SOKOLOV

Question 21

When the physicist of russia used the method to find imperfections in metallic structures than for saving lives through diagnostics?

Answer 21

1928

Question 22

who was the first to use ultrasound imaging techniques?

Answer 22

GEORGE LUDWIG

Question 23

when was the sound waves first used as an imaging technique to detect gallstones and masses/

Answer 23

1949

Question 24

Who discovered the transmission ultrasound investigation of the brain provides the first published work on medical ultrasonics?

Answer 24

DR. KARL THEODORE DUSSIK

Question 25

when did dr. karl theodore dussik discovered the transmission ultrasound investigation of the brain ?

Answer 25

1942

Question 26

Who first used ultrasound with diagnostic medicine?

Answer 26

IAN DONALD [haha bitch credit grabber]

Question 27

who used the device was to determine the diameter of the head of a fetus?

Answer 27

IAN DONALD

Question 28

When was the first use of the device was to determine the diameter of the head of a fetus discovered?

Answer 28

1956

Question 29

hand geld device thatcontains special crystals that can create soundwaves when they are activated with an electrical field.

Answer 29

transducers

Question 30

the soundwaves are received by a transducer because these waves are ______ by the body tissues?

Answer 30

reflected

Question 31

what device interprets the soundwaves?

Answer 31

sonogram

Question 32

where were soundwaves calculated and viewed?

Answer 32

computer

Question 33

what device can generate an image based on the data?

Answer 33

sonogram

Question 34

a medium that reduces the space(air) between the waves and the body.

Answer 34

gel

Question 35

what should be avoided which could block the soundwaves and prevent the ultrasound from imaging correctly?

Answer 35

air pockets

Question 36

caused by the mechanical friction of the tissue moving during passing of the ultrasonic wave

Answer 36

heating

Question 37

production of bubbles

Answer 37

cavitation

Question 38

helps examine retrograde organs (posteriorly positioned organs)

Answer 38

transrectal examitation

Question 39

type of radiation used in utz

Answer 39

non-ionizing radiation --- high frequency sound waves

Question 40

perimeter of a circle

Answer 40

distance/circumference

Question 41

unit of area

Answer 41

cm2, m2

Question 42

units of length

Answer 42

km, m , cm

Question 43

units of volume

Answer 43

m3, mm3

Question 44

time unit

Answer 44

s, ms

Question 45

speed units

Answer 45

m/s, mm/microsecond

Question 46

power unit

Answer 46

watts

Question 47

unit of work

Answer 47

joules

Question 48

acoustic impedance unit

Answer 48

rayls

Question 49

true or false: the greek word for sound is sonus

Answer 49

false

Question 50

greek word for write

Answer 50

graphien

Question 51

other terms of ultrasound

Answer 51

sonography

Question 52

when was the patient being scanned in a water bath?

Answer 52

early 1950s

Question 53

The first contact compound B-scanner which uses olive oil as a lubricant was developed. Single crystal transducer mounted on an articular arm

Answer 53

late 1950s

Question 54

Gray scale imaging was introduced. Early ultrasound equipment visual displays used oscilloscopes which produced bi-stable (black and white) images.

Answer 54

1970

Question 55

when were real time scanning systems were introduced.

Answer 55

mid 1970

Question 56

when was the application of doppler techniques were introduced

Answer 56

1980

Question 57

produced by something moving back and forth, or vibrating

Answer 57

waves

Question 58

Can be transmitted and produced by matter in any form; solid, liquid, or gas.

Answer 58

MECHANICAL WAVE

Question 59

Can travel either through matter or through empty space.

Answer 59

electromagnetic wave

Question 60

longitudinal waves travels ______ to the direction of wave propagation

Answer 60

parallel

Question 61

motion of the particles in a medium is parallel to the direction of wave propagation.

Answer 61

LONGITUDINAL WAVES

Question 62

motion of the particles in a medium is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.

Answer 62

TRANSVERSE

Question 63

transverse waves travels ______ to the direction of wave propagation

Answer 63

perpendicular

Question 64

Regions of LOW pressure and density

Answer 64

rarefactions

Question 65

compressions are regions that has _____ density and pressure

Answer 65

high

Question 66

unit of wavelength

Answer 66

mm

Question 67

distance between two (2) consecutive identical positions in the wave.

Answer 67

wavelength

Question 68

the number of cycles per second performed by the particles in the medium in response to wave passing through it.

Answer 68

frequency

Question 69

unit of frequency

Answer 69

hertz (Hz)

Question 70

Hz formula

Answer 70

cycles/seconds

Question 71

maximum frequency range of audible soundwaves

Answer 71

20,000Hz

Question 72

Ultrasound in diagnostic medicine frequency range

Answer 72

20,000-3,000,000 Hz

Question 73

latin word for below

Answer 73

infra

Question 74

latin word for beyond

Answer 74

ultra

Question 75

time it takes for one cycle to occur.

Answer 75

period

Question 76

unit of period

Answer 76

µs/ microsecond

Question 77

relationship of frequency and period

Answer 77

inversed

Question 78

high frequency = __ absorption

Answer 78

high

Question 79

high frequency = ___ penetration

Answer 79

low

Question 80

high frequency = _____ spatial resolution

Answer 80

high

Question 81

high frequency = ____period

Answer 81

short

Question 82

low frequency = ____ wavelength

Answer 82

high

Question 83

high wavelength = _____spatial resolution

Answer 83

low

Question 84

low penetration = _____ wavelength

Answer 84

low

Question 85

high penetration = _____ frequency

Answer 85

low

Question 86

refers to the relationship of one wave to another

Answer 86

phase

Question 87

Ultrasound waves whose wavefronts are at the SAME position

Answer 87

in phase

Question 88

Ultrasound waves whose wavefronts differ from one to the other

Answer 88

out of phase

Question 89

Occurs when ultrasound waves of the same frequency are in phase, resulting in increased amplitude. It increases the intensity of the ultrasound beam.

Answer 89

CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE

Question 90

Occurs when ultrasound waves of the same frequency are out of phase, resulting in decreased amplitude. This Interference contributes to ultrasound attenuation.

Answer 90

destructive interference

Question 91

measurable quantities that vary within a medium as sound propagates through the medium

Answer 91

acoustic variable

Question 92

acoustic is greek word for

Answer 92

hearing

Question 93

Amount of force in a given area

Answer 93

pressure

Question 94

pressure unit

Answer 94

pascal (pounds per square inch (lbs/sq. in) and (N/m2))

Question 95

Concentration of matter

Answer 95

density

Question 96

density unity

Answer 96

Unit: kg/m3 or g/cm3

Question 97

Concentration of heat energy

Answer 97

temperature

Question 98

unit of temperature

Answer 98

celsius, Fahrenheit kelvin

Question 99

distance moved by the molecules in the medium.

Answer 99

particle motion

Question 100

unit of particle motion

Answer 100

nm

Question 101

maximum variation that occurs in an acoustic variable

Answer 101

amplitude

Question 102

measure of how far variable gets away from its normal, undisturbed value.

Answer 102

amplitude

Question 103

height of wave

Answer 103

amplitude

Question 104

The rate at which work is done or the rate of flow of energy through a given area.

Answer 104

power

Question 105

unity of intensity

Answer 105

W/cm2

Question 106

high intensity = ___ power

Answer 106

high

Question 107

high area = ____ intensity

Answer 107

low

Question 108

 Speed at which sound moves through a medium

Answer 108

propagation speed

Question 109

wavelength x frequency

Answer 109

propagation speed

Question 110

unit of propagation speed

Answer 110

m/s or mm/µs

Question 111

Refers to the ability of an object to return to its original shape and volume after a force is no longer acting on it.

Answer 111

elasticity

Question 112

Indicates the fractional decrease in volume when pressure is applied to the material.

Answer 112

compressibility

Question 113

Reciprocal of compressibility

Answer 113

bulk modulus

Question 114

bulk modulus is also known as

Answer 114

stiffness

Question 115

Resistance of a material to compression.

Answer 115

stiffness

Question 116

which is the fastest type of matter to propagate sound

Answer 116

solid; because it is denser

Question 117

same acoustic impedance of substances produce

Answer 117

total transmission of energy (100%0 and no reflections

Question 118

Property of a substance, which describes how particles of that substance behave when subjected to a soundwave

Answer 118

acoustic impedance

Question 119

what happens when substance with small difference in acoustic impedance

Answer 119

small amount of energy is reflected ( 1 to 5%) and majority is transmitted ( 95 - 99%)

Question 120

In substance with bigger difference in acoustic impedance

Answer 120

large amount is refelected (40 - 90%) and small amount is transmitted (1 - 60%)

Question 121

Gives the proportion of energy reflected from an interface between two substances

Answer 121

intensity reflection coefficient

Question 122

intensity reflection coefficient formula

Answer 122

((secondary Z - primary Z)^2)/ (secondary Z - primary Z)^2)

Question 123

Fraction of the incident intensity transmitted into the second medium

Answer 123

INTENSITY TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT

Question 124

INTENSITY TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT formula

Answer 124

(4 x primary Z x Secondary Z)/ (sum of Zs)^2

Question 125

percentage of energy reflected from soft tissues

Answer 125

1% or less