MIDTERM

Question 1

A structure in an image which does not directly correlate with actual tissue being scanned

Answer 1

ULTRASOUND ARTIFACTS

Question 2

any part of an image that does not accurately represent the anatomic structures present within the subject being evaluated

Answer 2

ULTRASOUND ARTIFACTS

Question 3

other term for ULTRASOUND ARTIFACTS

Answer 3

pitfalls

Question 4

This is the production of spurious (false) echoes due to repeated reflections between two interfaces with a high acoustic impedance mismatch.

Answer 4

reverberation

Question 5

artifact that appear as a dense tapering V- shaped trail of echoes beyond strong reflectors

Answer 5

comet tail

Question 6

short rapid reverberations

Answer 6

comet tail

Question 7

similar to comet tail except that the bright artifact echoes are displayed in a much longer stream. The continuous echoes is seen deep to a strong reflector.

Answer 7

ring down

Question 8

how to eliminate reverberation artifacts

Answer 8

1. Increase the amount of gel used.
2. Use a stand-off pad (such as commercially produced gel pad or bag of saline.
3. Reduce gain
4. Move the position of the transducer

Question 9

This area appears as an area of low amplitude echoes (hypoechoic or anechoic) behind an area of strongly attenuating tissue

Answer 9

acoustic shadowing

Question 10

shown best in calcifications

Answer 10

acoustic shadowing

Question 11

This appears as a localized area of increased echo amplitude behind an area of low attenuation.

Answer 11

ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT

Question 12

will appear as an area of increased brightness, and can commonly seen distal to the fluid filled structures such as the urinary bladder, the gallbladder or cyst.

Answer 12

ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT

Question 13

A combination of refraction and reflection occurring at the edges of rounded structures and when the speed of sound is different from that surrounding tissue, it will result in an edge shadowing artifact

Answer 13

edge shadowing

Question 14

. When an echo from such side lobe beam becomes strong enough and returns to the receiver, it is ‘assigned’ to the main beam and displayed at a false location

Answer 14

side lobes artifacts

Question 15

these artifacts are usually seen in hypoechoic or echo-free structures and appear as bright and rounded line.

Answer 15

side lobes artifacts

Question 16

They arise due to specular reflection of the beam at a large smooth interface.

Answer 16

mirror image artifact

Question 17

Areas on the image showing no internal echoes

Answer 17

ANECHOIC OR SONOLUCENT

Question 18

black or dark on the image.

Answer 18

ANECHOIC OR SONOLUCENT

Question 19

Areas on the image with more reflected echoes

Answer 19

ECHOGENIC OR HYPERECHOIC

Question 20

brighter than surrounding tissue.

Answer 20

ECHOGENIC OR HYPERECHOIC

Question 21

Areas on the image with fewer reflected echoes

Answer 21

HYPOECHOIC

Question 22

darker than the surrounding tissue.

Answer 22

HYPOECHOIC

Question 23

Area on the image showing a level of reflected echoes similar to that of surrounding tissue

Answer 23

ISOECHOIC

Question 24

For Two adjacent organs

Answer 24

ISOECHOIC

Question 25

The arrangement of reflected echoes as “dots” on the image is referred to as

Answer 25

textures

Question 26

B-mode scanning, the amplitudes of the returning signals are displayed on a gray scale from white (strong echo) to black (no echo perceived) and in between shades of gray

Answer 26

ultrasound textures

Question 27

Organ parenchyma is UNIFORM in echogenicity

Answer 27

HOMOGENOUS

Question 28

Organ parenchyma is NOT uniform in echogenicity

Answer 28

INHOMOGENOUS or
HETEROGENOUS