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Physics Flashcards

1
Q

What is deceleration

A

Acceleration in the direction opposite to velocity which results decrease

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2
Q

What is acceleration

A

Rate of change in velocity over time

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3
Q

What is centripetal acceleration

A

Acceleration directed toward a center in a circular motion or rotation

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4
Q

What is instantaneous acceleration

A

Acceleration at a specific point in time

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5
Q

What is accuracy

A

Degree a measured value agrees with correct value of measurement

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6
Q

What is an analytical method

A

A method for determining the magnitude and direction of a resultant vector using trigonometric theorems

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7
Q

What is approximation

A

Estimation of value based on prior experience and reasoning

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8
Q

What is air resistance

A

Frictional force on matter traveling through air

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9
Q

What is the value of air resistance when solving basic physics problems

A

Zero

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10
Q

What is a carrier particle

A

A fundamental particle of nature that is surrounded by a characteristic force field

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11
Q

What are photons

A

Carrier particles of the electromagnetic force

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12
Q

What is commutative

A

Interchangeability of order in a function

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13
Q

What are processes of commutative

A

(1) Addition (2) Subtraction (3) Product (4) Quotient

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14
Q

What is a vector component

A

The part of a vector which points in a direction

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15
Q

How are 2D vectors expressed

A

Sum of two vertical and horizontal vector components

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16
Q

What is a conversion factor

A

A ratio expressing how many units are equal to another unit

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17
Q

What is deformation

A

Change in shape due to the application of force

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18
Q

What is shear deformation

A

Deformation perpendicular to the original length of an object

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19
Q

What is a dependent variable

A

A variable that is being measured

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20
Q

Where are dependent variables plotted

A

Usually the y-axis

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21
Q

What is an independent variable

A

A variable that is being referenced

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22
Q

Where are independent variables plotted

A

Usually the x-axis

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23
Q

What are derived units

A

Units that can be calculated using algebraic combinations of the fundamental units

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24
Q

What is direction

A

Orientation of a vector in space

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25
Q

What is displacement

A

Change in position of matter

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26
Q

What is distance

A

Length of displacement between two positions

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27
Q

What is distance traveled

A

Total length of path between two positions

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28
Q

What is dynamics

A

Study of how forces affect the motion of matters and systems

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29
Q

What is force

A

Push or pull on matter with a specific vector

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30
Q

How are forces expressed

A

Standard force

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31
Q

What is normal force

A

Force that a surface applies to support the weight of a matter

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32
Q

How does matter act resting on surface

A

With normal force perpendicular to the surface

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33
Q

What is a force field

A

A region in which a test particle will experience a force

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34
Q

What is Coriolis force

A

Fictitious force causing the apparent deflection of moving matter when viewed in a rotating frame of reference

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35
Q

What is centripetal force

A

Force causing uniform circular motion or rotation

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36
Q

What is external force

A

Outside originating force acting on a structure

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37
Q

What causes a mass to accelerate

A

External force

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38
Q

What is a free-body diagram

A

A sketch showing all of the external forces acting on a structure

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39
Q

How is a structure represented in a free-body diagram

A

With a dot

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40
Q

How is a force represented in a free-body diagram

A

A vector extending outward from a dot

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41
Q

What is free-fall

A

State where the acting force on a is only gravity

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42
Q

What are examples of friction

A

(1) Rough surfaces (2) Air resistance

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43
Q

What is friction

A

Force which opposes relative motion between matters or systems in contact

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44
Q

What are types of friction

A

(1) Kinetic (2) Static

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45
Q

What is kinetic friction

A

Friction moving relative to one another

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46
Q

What is static friction

A

Friction moving irrelative to one another or stationary

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47
Q

What does the coefficient of static friction equal

A

(1) Magnitude of static friction and (2) Magnitude of normal force

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48
Q

What is microgravity

A

An environment in which the apparent net acceleration of a body is small compared with that produced by Earth at its surface

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49
Q

What is gravitational constant (G)

A

Proportionality constant factor used in the equation for Newton’s universal law of gravitation

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50
Q

What is the end point of a vector arrow called

A

(1) Head or (2) Tip

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51
Q

What is the start point of a vector arrow called

A

Tail

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52
Q

What is the head-to-tail method

A

Method of adding vectors in which the tail of each vector is placed at the head of the previous vector

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53
Q

What is Hooke’s law

A

Proportional relationship between the force on a material and the deformation it causes

54
Q

What is inertia

A

Tendency of a structure to remain at rest or in motion

55
Q

What is fictitious force

A

Force having no physical origin

56
Q

What is the law of inertia

A

Newton’s first law of motion a body at rest remains at rest, or, if in motion, remains in motion at a constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force

57
Q

What is kinematics

A

Study of motion without regard to mass or force

58
Q

What is arc length

A

Distance traveled along a circular path

59
Q

What is a magnitude

A

A length or size of vector

60
Q

What is the order of magnitude

A

The size of a quantity as it relates to the power of ten

61
Q

What is mass

A

Quantity of matter in a substance

62
Q

What is center of mass

A

Point where the entire mass of a structure can be concentrated

63
Q

What is a kilogram

A

An SI unit for mass, abbreviated (kg)

64
Q

What is a meter

A

An SI unit for length, abbreviated (m)

65
Q

What is a second

A

An SI unit for time, abbreviated (s)

66
Q

What is motion

A

Displacement of a structure as a function of time

67
Q

What is Newton’s first law of motion

A

A body at rest remains at rest, or, if in motion, remains in motion at a constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force

68
Q

What is Newton’s first law known as

A

Law of inertia

69
Q

What is Newton’s second law of motion

A

Net external force on a structure with mass is proportional to and in the same direction as the acceleration of the structure, and inversely proportional to the mass

70
Q

What is Newton’s third law of motion

A

When a structure exerts force on another, the first structure experiences a force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force exerted

71
Q

What is Newton’s universal law of gravitation

A

Particle in the universe attract other particle with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

72
Q

What is percent uncertainty

A

Ratio of the uncertainty of a measurement to the measured value, expressed as a percentage

73
Q

What is physical quantity

A

Characteristic or property of an object that can be measured or calculated from other measurements

74
Q

What is physics

A

Science concerned with describing the interactions of energy, matter, space, and time

75
Q

What is different from classical physics to modern physics

A

19th century Renaissance versus theorems of relativity and/or quantum mechanics

76
Q

What is precision

A

Degree to which repeated measurements agree with each other

77
Q

What is position

A

Location of a structure at a particular time

78
Q

What is projectile

A

Structure which travels through the air and experiences only acceleration due to gravity

79
Q

What is quantum mechanics

A

Study of structures smaller than observation with a microscope

80
Q

What is radians

A

Unit of angle measurement

81
Q

What is rotation angle

A

Ratio of the arc length to the radius of curvature on a circular path

82
Q

What is a banked curve

A

A curve in a road that is sloping in a manner that helps a vehicle negotiate the curve

83
Q

What is an ideal angle

A

An angle at which a car can turn safely on a steep curve, which is in proportion to the ideal speed

84
Q

What is an ideal banking

A

The sloping of a curve in a road, where the angle of the slope allows the vehicle to negotiate the curve at a certain speed without the aid of friction between the tires and the road

85
Q

What is an ideal speed

A

The maximum safe speed at which a vehicle can turn on a curve without the aid of friction between the tire and the road

86
Q

What is uniform circular motion

A

Motion of a structure in a circular path at constant speed

87
Q

What is range

A

Maximum horizontal distance that a projectile travels

88
Q

What is relativity

A

Study of structures moving at speeds greater than about 1% of the speed of light, and being affected by a strong gravitational field

89
Q

What is classical relativity

A

Study of relative velocities in situations where speeds are less than about 1% of the speed of light (3000 km/s)

90
Q

What is resultant

A

Sum of two or more vectors

91
Q

What is scalar

A

Quantity of magnitude in a vector

92
Q

What is SI units

A

International system of units mojarity of countries agreed to use

93
Q

What is slope

A

Difference in y-value (the rise) divided by the difference in x-value (the run) of two points on a straight line

94
Q

What is average speed

A

Distance traveled divided by time during motion occurred

95
Q

What is instantaneous speed

A

Magnitude of the instantaneous velocity

96
Q

What is strain

A

Ratio of change in length to original length

97
Q

What is stress

A

Ratio of force to area

98
Q

What is tensile strength

A

Maximum stress that will cause permanent deformation or fraction of a material

99
Q

What is tension

A

Pull force that acts along a medium, or stretched flexibly in connection

100
Q

What is an example of tension

A

A pulled rope or cable

101
Q

What type of force do cables act on cable bridges

A

Tension force

102
Q

What is thrust

A

Reaction force that pushes a body forward in response to a backward force

103
Q

What are examples of thrust

A

Rockets, airplanes, and cars pushed by a reaction force

104
Q

What is time

A

Change in interval or interval which change occurs

105
Q

What is trajectory

A

Path of a projectile

106
Q

What is uncertainty

A

Quantitative measure of how much your measured values deviate from a standard or expected value

107
Q

What is ultracentrifuge

A

Centrifuge optimized for spinning a rotor at very high speeds

108
Q

What is vector

A

Quantity which describe magnitude and direction

109
Q

How is a vector represented

A

An arrow and scalar

110
Q

What is vector addition

A

Rules that apply to adding vectors together

111
Q

What is resultant vector

A

Vector sum of two or more vectors

112
Q

What is velocity

A

Speed in a given direction

113
Q

What is average velocity

A

Displacement divided by time over which displacement occurs

114
Q

What is angular velocity

A

Rate of change of the angle with which a structure moves on a circular path

115
Q

What is instantaneous velocity

A

Velocity at a specific instant, or the average velocity over an infinitesimal time interval

116
Q

What is relative velocity

A

Velocity of a structure as observed from a particular reference frame

117
Q

What is weight

A

Force due to gravity acting on a structure of mass

118
Q

What is Stokes’ law

A

An expression describing the resisting force on a particle moving through a viscous fluid and showing when a maximum velocity is reached

119
Q

What is the SI unit for velocity

A

m/s

120
Q

What is the SI unit for acceleration

A

m/s^2

121
Q

What is the 1st law of friction

A

friction of the moving object is proportional and perpendicular to the normal force

122
Q

What is the 2nd law of friction

A

friction experienced by the object is dependent on the nature of the surface it is in contact with

123
Q

What is the 3rd law of friction

A

friction is independent of the area of contact as long as there is an area of contact

124
Q

What is the 4th law of friction

A

kinetic friction is independent of velocity

125
Q

What is the 5th law of friction

A

coefficient of static friction is greater than the coefficient of kinetic friction

126
Q

conservation of linear momentum states

A

the net external force acting on a system of bodies is zero, then the momentum of the system remains constant

127
Q

conservation of energy states

A

energy can neither be created nor be destroyed

128
Q

Hooke’s law states

A

the strain of the material is proportional to the applied stress within the elastic limit of that material

129
Q

Kepler’s 2nd law

A

Each planet moves so that an imaginary line drawn from the Sun to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times

130
Q

Kepler’s 3rd law

A

The ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planets about the Sun is equal to the ratio of the cubes of their average
distances from the Sun

131
Q

Kepler’s 1st law

A

The orbit of each planet about the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus

Science (5 decks)

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