Biology Flashcards
In bacteria, what is the function of DNA polymerase III?
to add nucleotides to the 3’ end of a growing DNA strand
What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication?
It joins Okazaki fragments together.
Which of the following types of molecules help to hold the DNA strands apart while they are being replicated?
single-strand DNA binding proteins
After DNA replication, the resulting daughter DNA double helix contains one strand of the original parental DNA and one new strand. What is the explanation for this phenomenon?
DNA replication is semiconservative.
Which of the following is most likely to result if a cell is unable to produce histone proteins?
the cell’s DNA could not be packed into its nucleus
Which of the following processes occurs as part of transcription?
RNA is synthesized
According to the central dogma, which of the following intermediate molecules correctly completes the flow chart describing the flow of information in a cell blank?
DNA > ___ > RNA
mRNA
Which of the following molecules carries information from DNA and directs incorporation of amino acids at the ribosome?
mRNA
Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes?
RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence, causing the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the transcript.
What is the function of the release factor during translation in eukaryotes?
It binds to the stop codon in the A site in place of a tRNA.
Which of the following molecules directly participates in the process of translation?
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
During the elongation phase of translation, which site in the ribosome represents the first location where a codon pairs with an anticodon?
A site
Which of the following statements describes the effect of a nonsense mutation on a gene?
It introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA.
Which component is directly involved in translation?
ribosome
Which of the following statements best supports the argument that viruses are nonliving?
They do not carry out metabolic processes.
Viruses can carry out which of the following processes?
They can replicate while within a host cell as well as when they are between host cells.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the lysogenic cycle of lambda (λ) phage?
The phage genome is integrated in the host chromosome where it is passed on to daughter cells through binary fission.
Which of the following characteristics is typical of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?
The host membrane ruptures, releasing many phages.
What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?
It converts host cell RNA into viral DNA.
A virus consisting of a single strand of RNA, which is reverse transcribed into complementary DNA, is referred to as a ___.
retrovirus
