Biology

Question 1

In bacteria, what is the function of DNA polymerase III?

Answer 1

to add nucleotides to the 3’ end of a growing DNA strand

Question 2

What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication?

Answer 2

It joins Okazaki fragments together.

Question 3

Which of the following types of molecules help to hold the DNA strands apart while they are being replicated?

Answer 3

single-strand DNA binding proteins

Question 4

After DNA replication, the resulting daughter DNA double helix contains one strand of the original parental DNA and one new strand. What is the explanation for this phenomenon?

Answer 4

DNA replication is semiconservative.

Question 5

Which of the following is most likely to result if a cell is unable to produce histone proteins?

Answer 5

the cell’s DNA could not be packed into its nucleus

Question 6

Which of the following processes occurs as part of transcription?

Answer 6

RNA is synthesized

Question 7

According to the central dogma, which of the following intermediate molecules correctly completes the flow chart describing the flow of information in a cell blank?
DNA > ___ > RNA

Answer 7

mRNA

Question 8

Which of the following molecules carries information from DNA and directs incorporation of amino acids at the ribosome?

Answer 8

mRNA

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes?

Answer 9

RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence, causing the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the transcript.

Question 10

What is the function of the release factor during translation in eukaryotes?

Answer 10

It binds to the stop codon in the A site in place of a tRNA.

Question 11

Which of the following molecules directly participates in the process of translation?

Answer 11

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

Question 12

During the elongation phase of translation, which site in the ribosome represents the first location where a codon pairs with an anticodon?

Answer 12

A site

Question 13

Which of the following statements describes the effect of a nonsense mutation on a gene?

Answer 13

It introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA.

Question 14

Which component is directly involved in translation?

Answer 14

ribosome

Question 15

Which of the following statements best supports the argument that viruses are nonliving?

Answer 15

They do not carry out metabolic processes.

Question 16

Viruses can carry out which of the following processes?

Answer 16

They can replicate while within a host cell as well as when they are between host cells.

Question 17

Which of the following statements accurately describes the lysogenic cycle of lambda (λ) phage?

Answer 17

The phage genome is integrated in the host chromosome where it is passed on to daughter cells through binary fission.

Question 18

Which of the following characteristics is typical of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?

Answer 18

The host membrane ruptures, releasing many phages.

Question 19

What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?

Answer 19

It converts host cell RNA into viral DNA.

Question 20

A virus consisting of a single strand of RNA, which is reverse transcribed into complementary DNA, is referred to as a ___.

Answer 20

retrovirus