Physics Flashcards
the science of matter and energy and the interactions between them
physics
acoustics, optics, mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, atomic physics
fields of physics
length, volume, mass, density
properties of objects
every physical measurement consists of two elements:
magnitude and unit of measurement
the length of the shortest line connecting two points
distance (d)
the amount of space occupied by a surface, m^2
area (a)
the amount of space occupied by a substance or object, m^3
volume (v)
the amount of matter present in a substance
mass (m)
the force of gravity acting on an object
weight (w)
= m x g
weight
the amount of matter in a given unit of volume
density (p)
=m/v
density (p)
the property that allows matter to recover its size and shape after it has been expanded or compressed
elasticity
is needed for sound to be created and for sound to travel
elasticity
the branch of physics that describes the motion of objects in space without considering the cause of the motion
kinematics
focuses on the relationship among displacement (d), velocity (v), acceleration (a), and time (t)
kinematics
are described by a magnitude and a unit (distance, volume, density, temperature)
scalars
are described by a magnitude, a unit, and a direction (displacement, velocity, acceleration. force)
vectors
is represented by an arrow with a specific magnitude and direction
vector
a change in position
displacement (d)
it is the distance from the original position to the final position, not the path taken to get there
displacement (d)
the rate of displacement, m/s
velocity (v)
= displacement/ time, d/t
average velocity (Vavg)
the rate of change in velocity, m/s^2
acceleration (a)
=velocity/ time= delta y/delta x= v2-v1/t2-t1
average acceleration (aavg)
the direction of acceleration is influenced by:
motion and speed of acceleration
indicates either that the object is accelerating in the negative direction or decelerating in the positive direction
negative acceleration
the study of the effects of forces on the state of an object or system of objects
dynamics
is a push or pull, newton (N)
force (F)
inertia: object at rest will remain at rest, object in motion will remain in motion
newtons first law
an objects acceleration is proportional to the force exerted on the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object, f = m x a
newtons second law
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
newtons third law
the effect of the force (F) moving an object over a distance (d), in joules (J)
work (W)
= F x d
work (W)
if displacement does not occur then:
no work is done
the ability or capacity of an object to do work
energy (E)
is stored in an object and gradually expended when object does work, in joules (J)
energy
is future work
energy
is used energy
work
the energy of an object due to its position within a given physical system or environment
potential energy (Ep)
the energy of motion that is carried by an object due to its velocity
kinetic energy (Ek)
the main source of Ep but not its only one
gravity
a source of Ep
elasticity
states that energy can change from one form to another but cannot be created nor destroyed
law of conservation of energy
Ek can be converted into Ep and vice versa or transmitted from one system to another
law of conservation of energy
the rate at which a system is gaining or losing energy, watt (W)
power (P)
= W/t = E/t
power (P)
