Oscillations and Vibrations Flashcards
(source of sound) the back and forth motion of a mechanical object around its equilibrium position
oscillation or vibration
due to the force of gravity
-pendulum
-lunar tide
oscillation
due to the force of elasticity
-mass and spring system
-tuning fork
vibration
pendulum swings back and forth due to the interactions between:
inertia and restoring force gravity
the oscillation made by a pendulum is a sine function; therefore, the motion is often called:
sinusoidal motion
pendulum travels slowest at the ___ of its swing
edges
pendulum travels fastest through the ____ of its swing
middle
at the the edges of the pendulum swing, the velocity is:
minimum velocity
at the center of the pendulum swing, the velocity is:
maximum velocity
at the edges of the swing, the acceleration is at its:
maximum
at the center of the pendulum swing, acceleration is at its
minimum
the motion of the pendulum is:
periodic
a motion that repeats itself in regular intervals until it is stopped by external action
periodic motion
the motion of the pendulum is also called
simple harmonic motion or sinusoidal motion
a function representing changes of any physical quantity as a function of time
waveform
waveform x-axis indicates:
time
waveform y-axis indicates:
magnitude of a quantity (displacement, velocity, acceleration)
one full repetition of a periodic motion
cycle
the number of cycles per second, Hz
frequency (f)
the time required for the completion of one cycle
period (T)
time/ number of cycles
period (T)
=1/T
frequency (f)
=1/f
period (T)
theta, indicates a particular stage in the cycle of motion using the angles from a circle as the unit of measure
phase
describes the difference between the phases of two periodic waveforms as they cycle through time
phase relationship
when two waveforms have the same frequency and phase
in-phase
when two waveforms have the same frequency but different phase
out-of-phase
an amount or quantity of something
magnitude
the magnitude of a waveform at any given moment of time
instantaneous magnitude
the maximum magnitude
amplitude (A)
the range of magnitude changes within one period
peak-to-peak magnitude
= A/ square root 2 = A x 0.707
RMS magnitude
=max A - min A/ 2
amplitude (A)
=max A - min A
peak-to-peak amplitude
a model used to study phenomena associated with simple harmonic motion, including:
-mass
-stiffness
-friction effects
mass-and-spring system
mass will vibrate back and forth in a simple harmonic motion because of the interaction between:
elasticity and inertia
no continuous exchange of energy between a vibrating system and the surrounding environment
free vibration
the frequency of a free vibration system
resonance frequency
the pendulum and mass-and-spring system stop moving due to:
friction
a force that opposes the motion of two objects in contact
friction
results in the transfer of Ek to thermal energy (heat)
friction
the effect of friction on a vibrating system
damping
the resulting vibration due to damping
damped vibration
little friction in the system
minimally damped
a lot of friction in the system
heavily damped
system is ___ if the object makes only one vibration and then returns to its neutral position as fast as possible
critically dampled
system is forced to vibrate by a continuous and periodic driving force
forced vibration
frequency of the external driving force
driving frequency
shows the amplitude of vibration as a function of frequency of the driving force
resonance curve
