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Hearing Science > Oscillations and Vibrations > Flashcards

Oscillations and Vibrations Flashcards

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1
Q

(source of sound) the back and forth motion of a mechanical object around its equilibrium position

A

oscillation or vibration

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2
Q

due to the force of gravity
-pendulum
-lunar tide

A

oscillation

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3
Q

due to the force of elasticity
-mass and spring system
-tuning fork

A

vibration

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4
Q

pendulum swings back and forth due to the interactions between:

A

inertia and restoring force gravity

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5
Q

the oscillation made by a pendulum is a sine function; therefore, the motion is often called:

A

sinusoidal motion

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6
Q

pendulum travels slowest at the ___ of its swing

A

edges

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7
Q

pendulum travels fastest through the ____ of its swing

A

middle

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8
Q

at the the edges of the pendulum swing, the velocity is:

A

minimum velocity

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9
Q

at the center of the pendulum swing, the velocity is:

A

maximum velocity

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10
Q

at the edges of the swing, the acceleration is at its:

A

maximum

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11
Q

at the center of the pendulum swing, acceleration is at its

A

minimum

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12
Q

the motion of the pendulum is:

A

periodic

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13
Q

a motion that repeats itself in regular intervals until it is stopped by external action

A

periodic motion

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14
Q

the motion of the pendulum is also called

A

simple harmonic motion or sinusoidal motion

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15
Q

a function representing changes of any physical quantity as a function of time

A

waveform

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16
Q

waveform x-axis indicates:

A

time

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17
Q

waveform y-axis indicates:

A

magnitude of a quantity (displacement, velocity, acceleration)

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18
Q

one full repetition of a periodic motion

A

cycle

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19
Q

the number of cycles per second, Hz

A

frequency (f)

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20
Q

the time required for the completion of one cycle

A

period (T)

21
Q

time/ number of cycles

A

period (T)

22
Q

=1/T

A

frequency (f)

23
Q

=1/f

A

period (T)

24
Q

theta, indicates a particular stage in the cycle of motion using the angles from a circle as the unit of measure

A

phase

25
Q

describes the difference between the phases of two periodic waveforms as they cycle through time

A

phase relationship

26
Q

when two waveforms have the same frequency and phase

A

in-phase

27
Q

when two waveforms have the same frequency but different phase

A

out-of-phase

28
Q

an amount or quantity of something

A

magnitude

29
Q

the magnitude of a waveform at any given moment of time

A

instantaneous magnitude

30
Q

the maximum magnitude

A

amplitude (A)

31
Q

the range of magnitude changes within one period

A

peak-to-peak magnitude

32
Q

= A/ square root 2 = A x 0.707

A

RMS magnitude

33
Q

=max A - min A/ 2

A

amplitude (A)

34
Q

=max A - min A

A

peak-to-peak amplitude

35
Q

a model used to study phenomena associated with simple harmonic motion, including:
-mass
-stiffness
-friction effects

A

mass-and-spring system

36
Q

mass will vibrate back and forth in a simple harmonic motion because of the interaction between:

A

elasticity and inertia

37
Q

no continuous exchange of energy between a vibrating system and the surrounding environment

A

free vibration

38
Q

the frequency of a free vibration system

A

resonance frequency

39
Q

the pendulum and mass-and-spring system stop moving due to:

A

friction

40
Q

a force that opposes the motion of two objects in contact

A

friction

41
Q

results in the transfer of Ek to thermal energy (heat)

A

friction

42
Q

the effect of friction on a vibrating system

A

damping

43
Q

the resulting vibration due to damping

A

damped vibration

44
Q

little friction in the system

A

minimally damped

45
Q

a lot of friction in the system

A

heavily damped

46
Q

system is ___ if the object makes only one vibration and then returns to its neutral position as fast as possible

A

critically dampled

47
Q

system is forced to vibrate by a continuous and periodic driving force

A

forced vibration

48
Q

frequency of the external driving force

A

driving frequency

49
Q

shows the amplitude of vibration as a function of frequency of the driving force

A

resonance curve

Hearing Science (2 decks)

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