Physics 10 Flashcards
What is energy?
Energy is the ability to do work.
Everything that happens in the world uses
energy!
Most of the time we can’t see energy,
but it is everywhere around us!
Energy is never…
destroyed or created
(known as law of conversation of energy)
Energy can only be….
stored or transferred
(known as law of conversation of energy)
How is energy measured in?
Joules
joule = (kg) (m2)
s2
Potential Energy is…
The energy stored in an object.
“Potential” simply means the energy has the ability to do something useful later on.
What is Gravitational Potential Energy?
Potential energy due to an object’s position
P.E. and K.E. mass is in…
kilograms
The higher an object, the more…
potential energy
The more mass an object has, the more…
potential energy
What is Elastic Potential Energy?
Potential energy due compression or
expansion of an elastic object.
What is Chemical Potential Energy?
Potential energy stored within the chemical bonds of an object
Kinetic Energy Is…
The energy of a moving object.
“Kinetic” means movement!
The faster the object moves, the more kinetic energy is produced
Key ideas: (Flip)
All energy is divided into two types: potential
and kinetic.
Potential Energy: The energy stored in an object.
Kinetic Energy: The energy of a moving object.
Energy is never created or destroyed. It is always stored or transferred.
What is thermodynamics?
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature and energy, and the relationship between them all
Temperature is a measure of the…
average kinetic energy of particles in an object.
Heat is the form of energy that is ______ between two objects of different temperatures.
transferred
In a solid, particles are arranged in an ____ held together by ____ between them.
organized fashion
strong forces of attraction
The solid particles cannot ____ as that would ruin the solid’s structure, but can _____.
move around
vibrate in place
This vibration (solid particles) is what gives each particle its ______ minuscule on its own, but taken in aggregate, its pretty significant.
kinetic energy
Solids have a definite ___ and ___
shape
volume
In a liquid, the particles have gained enough energy to ____. They are still held loosely together with ____.
Liquids have fixed ____, but no longer have fixed ____.
break free of these bonds
weak forces
volumes
shape
In a gas, the particles have gained enough energy to ___ of attractive bonds
Gasses have no ___ or ___. They tend to ___ to fill a container as best as possible.
completely free themselves
fixed shape
volume
spread out
Particle Theory Summarize (Flip)
All matter has kinetic energy in its component particles, which we measure as temperature.
The more the particles in a substance move around, the higher the kinetic energy, so the higher the temperature.
Since liquids and gasses have more “freedom” to move around, they always exist at a higher temperature than their solid counterparts.
Heat is exchanged through materials by particles colliding with one another, thus exchanging kinetic energy as the different particles speed up or slow down after the collision.
What is the temperature, three names/choices
Temperature is measured in either Celsius, Fahrenheit (yuck) or Kelvin.
Heat is defined as the …
Heat is defined as the “form of energy transferred between two objects of different temperature.”
Heat known as a ___, meaning it is defined only in the context of ___.
This “something” is the process of ___ being ___ or ___.
This means you can’t say something ___ heat!
process quantity
something “happening”
thermal energy
exchanged or transferred
“has”
Can we calculate heat?
Yes!
Q = m x C x ΔT
Q = heat
m = mass (in grams!)
C = specific heat capacity
ΔT = change in temperature
The Law of Conservation of Energy!
States… The total amount of energy in an isolated system remains ___! Energy is only transferred or stored.
constant
The Law of Thermal Equilibrium
States… If two objects of different ___ are brought into contact, they will eventually reach a mutual ___.
temperatures
thermal equilibrium
The Law of Minimum Thermal Energy
States… That an objects lowest energy state, or “ground” state, always occurs when that object’s temperature is “___”. (#K, or -# C)
absolute zero
(0K, or -273 C)
conDuction
DENSITY
Heat transfer by molecular contact
most effective in solids
convection
CONTACT
Heat transfer though density differences
most effective in liquids and gases
radiation
WAVES
Heat transfer by wave motion
no material required, can occur in space
