Physics 10

Question 1

What is energy?

Answer 1

Energy is the ability to do work.

Everything that happens in the world uses
energy!

Most of the time we can’t see energy,
but it is everywhere around us!

Question 2

Energy is never…

Answer 2

destroyed or created
(known as law of conversation of energy)

Question 3

Energy can only be….

Answer 3

stored or transferred
(known as law of conversation of energy)

Question 4

How is energy measured in?

Answer 4

Joules
joule = (kg) (m2)
s2

Question 5

Potential Energy is…

Answer 5

The energy stored in an object.

“Potential” simply means the energy has the ability to do something useful later on.

Question 6

What is Gravitational Potential Energy?

Answer 6

Potential energy due to an object’s position

Question 7

P.E. and K.E. mass is in…

Answer 7

kilograms

Question 8

The higher an object, the more…

Answer 8

potential energy

Question 9

The more mass an object has, the more…

Answer 9

potential energy

Question 10

What is Elastic Potential Energy?

Answer 10

Potential energy due compression or
expansion of an elastic object.

Question 11

What is Chemical Potential Energy?

Answer 11

Potential energy stored within the chemical bonds of an object

Question 12

Kinetic Energy Is…

Answer 12

The energy of a moving object.

“Kinetic” means movement!

The faster the object moves, the more kinetic energy is produced

Question 13

Key ideas: (Flip)

Answer 13

All energy is divided into two types: potential
and kinetic.

Potential Energy: The energy stored in an object.

Kinetic Energy: The energy of a moving object.

Energy is never created or destroyed. It is always stored or transferred.

Question 14

What is thermodynamics?

Answer 14

Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature and energy, and the relationship between them all

Question 15

Temperature is a measure of the…

Answer 15

average kinetic energy of particles in an object.

Question 16

Heat is the form of energy that is ______ between two objects of different temperatures.

Answer 16

transferred

Question 17

In a solid, particles are arranged in an ____ held together by ____ between them.

Answer 17

organized fashion

strong forces of attraction

Question 18

The solid particles cannot ____ as that would ruin the solid’s structure, but can _____.

Answer 18

move around

vibrate in place

Question 19

This vibration (solid particles) is what gives each particle its ______ minuscule on its own, but taken in aggregate, its pretty significant.

Answer 19

kinetic energy

Question 20

Solids have a definite ___ and ___

Answer 20

shape

volume

Question 21

In a liquid, the particles have gained enough energy to ____. They are still held loosely together with ____.
Liquids have fixed ____, but no longer have fixed ____.

Answer 21

break free of these bonds

weak forces

volumes

shape

Question 22

In a gas, the particles have gained enough energy to ___ of attractive bonds

Gasses have no ___ or ___. They tend to ___ to fill a container as best as possible.

Answer 22

completely free themselves

fixed shape

volume

spread out

Question 23

Particle Theory Summarize (Flip)

Answer 23

All matter has kinetic energy in its component particles, which we measure as temperature.

The more the particles in a substance move around, the higher the kinetic energy, so the higher the temperature.

Since liquids and gasses have more “freedom” to move around, they always exist at a higher temperature than their solid counterparts.

Heat is exchanged through materials by particles colliding with one another, thus exchanging kinetic energy as the different particles speed up or slow down after the collision.

Question 24

What is the temperature, three names/choices

Answer 24

Temperature is measured in either Celsius, Fahrenheit (yuck) or Kelvin.

Question 25

Heat is defined as the …

Answer 25

Heat is defined as the “form of energy transferred between two objects of different temperature.”

Question 26

Heat known as a ___, meaning it is defined only in the context of ___.

This “something” is the process of ___ being ___ or ___.

This means you can’t say something ___ heat!

Answer 26

process quantity

something “happening”

thermal energy

exchanged or transferred

“has”

Question 27

Can we calculate heat?

Answer 27

Yes!

Q = m x C x ΔT

Q = heat
m = mass (in grams!)
C = specific heat capacity
ΔT = change in temperature

Question 28

The Law of Conservation of Energy!

States… The total amount of energy in an isolated system remains ___! Energy is only transferred or stored.

Answer 28

constant

Question 29

The Law of Thermal Equilibrium

States… If two objects of different ___ are brought into contact, they will eventually reach a mutual ___.

Answer 29

temperatures

thermal equilibrium

Question 30

The Law of Minimum Thermal Energy

States… That an objects lowest energy state, or “ground” state, always occurs when that object’s temperature is “___”. (#K, or -# C)

Answer 30

absolute zero
(0K, or -273 C)

Question 31

conDuction

Answer 31

DENSITY

Heat transfer by molecular contact

most effective in solids

Question 32

convection

Answer 32

CONTACT

Heat transfer though density differences

most effective in liquids and gases

Question 33

radiation

Answer 33

WAVES

Heat transfer by wave motion

no material required, can occur in space