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grade 10 > Chem 10 > Flashcards

Chem 10 Flashcards

1
Q

exothermic

A

An exothermic process releases heat, causing the temperature of the immediate surroundings to rise.

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2
Q

endothermic

A

An endothermic process absorbs heat and cools the surroundings.

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3
Q

Open System

A

Some interactions include
energy or material, which can be transferred into or out of the system

Mass can change

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4
Q

Closed System

A

Stays true to the laws of conservation

Mass cannot escape or enter

Energy can be transferred into or from the system in the form of heat

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5
Q

Law of conservation of mass

A

States: Mass cannot be created or destroyed → only change form!

Mass = atoms in the formula

This rule is followed when we do a chemical reactions

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6
Q

synthesis

A

two → one

A + B → AB

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7
Q

Single Replacement

A

Compound + single element. Switch with duplicate or - or +

AB + C → AC + B

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8
Q

Decompositon

A

one → two

AB → A + B

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9
Q

Double Replacement

A

two compounds switch partners. + and -

AB + CD → AD + CB

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10
Q

Neutralization Reaction

A

Look for H, OH (will form a compound of water and a salt).

HA + BOH → BA + H20

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11
Q

Combustion Reaction

A

CHO Method
Makes CO2 + H2O

CxHy + O2 → CO2 + H2O

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12
Q

Define Acid + How to identify

A

H+ Donator ( Anything + )
Positive
Has H+ to donate

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13
Q

Define Bases

A

Releases OH- ions
Negative
8-14

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14
Q

Define Salt

A

a salt is a ionic compound
salt is a result of an acid and base

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15
Q

How many times does pH scale go up (acidic)

A

10x more acidic each time

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16
Q

What type of ions do all acids form

A

Hydrogen ions

17
Q

What is HCI → H2 Cl2

A

Skeleton

18
Q

3 types of reactions in an exothermic

A

A: Reactant

B: Activation energy

C:Product

19
Q

Define activation energy

A

The energy needed for the reaction to start

20
Q

Why does endothermic reaction feel cold

A

They absorb heat energy from their surroundings. This means that the surroundings of endothermic reactions are colder as a result of the reaction.

21
Q

Acids and bases can be very …

A

dangerous + corrosive

22
Q

pH scale is short form for …

A

The power of hydrogen

23
Q

What does the pH scale express

A

concentration of H+

24
Q

How to determine pH scale and how not too

A

Litmus paper is commonly used

Cannot be determined by sight

25
Q

Acids and bases are often written with subscripts of …

A

(aq) = aqueous = water
just in water

26
Q

Acids and bases can conduct ____ because they release ____ in solutions

A

Acids and bases can conduct electricity because they release ions in solutions

27
Q

Acids release …

A

Hydrogen ions H+ (aq)

28
Q

Bases release …

A

Hydroxide ions OH- (aq)

29
Q

Lots of H+ in a “box” means

Lots of OH- in a “box” means

A

Low pH = lots of H+

High pH = lots of OH-

30
Q

a solutions cannot have both high [H+ (aq)] and high [OH- (aq)], because…

What is this process called

A

They cancel each other out and form water

It is called neutralization

H+ + OH- → H2O

31
Q

What does mass refer to in a chemical reaction.

A

of atoms in formula

32
Q

What is an ionic and covalent compound

A

Ionic bonds : Metal + Non metal
- polyatomic ions
- made of + and -
-charge of compounds always = 0

Covalent bonds : Non metal + non metal
- prefixes
-share valence non-metals
-bond is strong because strong attraction by the shared atoms electrons

Common between both: uses “-ide” for second element

33
Q

Cation vs Anion

A

cation :
positive
loses e- ( because they give them away to make them + charged)

anion :
negative
gains e- ( accepts protons, making them negativly charged)

34
Q

An ion is a ___ atom or molecule

A

charged
(meaning they do not have equal numbers of electrons and protons)

35
Q

electrons are found where

A

orbit, around nucleus

grade 10 (7 decks)

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