Physical Self Flashcards
Two debated views on beauty:
- Beauty is objective
- Beauty is subjective
Philosophers that believes on beauty is objective:
St. Augustine
Plato
Aristotle
- he asked whether things were beautiful because it gave delight, or whether it gave delight because it is beautiful.
- he believed the latter. This perspective suggests that our subjective experience shapes what we consider beautiful, rather than beauty existing as an objective quality independent of our experience
St. Augustine
- connected beauty as a response to love and desire.
- he asserted that beauty exist in the realm of forms
- objects are found beautiful because they are reflection of the idea of beauty hat already exist in the realm of forms
Think of it as a place where perfect ideas, like perfect beauty, exist.Things in our world are beautiful because they are reflections of this perfect idea of beauty. We feel something is beautiful because it connects with the perfect idea of beauty.
Plato
In short, according to him, objects are considered beautiful not because of their own inherent qualities, but because they reflect a perfect idea of beauty that exists in an abstract realm.
Plato
believed that the chief forms of beauty are order, symmetry, and definiteness that can be demonstrated by mathematical science
Aristotle
Philosophers who believed that beauty is subjective:
David hume
Immanuel kant
Francis hutcheson
“Beauty is no quality in things themselves: it exist merely in the mind which contemplates them; and each mind perceives a different beauty. One person
may even perceive deformity, where another is sensible of beauty; and every individual ought to acquiesce in his own sentiment, without pretending to
regulate those of others”
David Hume
- on the standards of taste
- Beauty exists in the mind of the observer, not in the objects themselves.
- Each person’s perception of beauty is unique, leading to varied reactions to the same object.
- Respect for differing opinions on beauty is essential, as there is no universal standard that dictates what is beautiful
David hume
“the judgement of taste is therefore not a judgement of cognition, and is consequently not logical but aesthetical, by which we understand that whose determining ground can be no other than subjectivity.”
- Critique of Judgment
- When we make a judgment about taste, such as saying something is beautiful or not, we are not making a cognitive or logical judgment. This means that our judgments about beauty are not based on objective
reasoning or factual analysis. - Taste is tied to individual experience and perception. It reflects personal emotions and attitudes rather than universal or logical criteria
Immanuel Kant
“ the perception of beauty does depend on the external sense of sight; however the internal sense of beauty operates as an internal or reflex sense. the same is the case with hearing: hearing music does not necessarily give the perception of harmony as it is distinct from hearing”
- The external senses, such as sight and hearing, are the physical means through which we perceive the world. For instance, we use sight to view objects and hearing to listen to sounds
- The perception of beauty involves an internal, reflective process where we interpret and evaluate the sensory data based on personal experiences and emotions.
Francis Hutcheson
- an error in resoning, evaluating, remembering or any other mental process that is often a result of holding on to on’es preferrences and beliefs even if it has contrary perception.
cognitive bias
- “ physical attractiveness stereotype”, “ what is beautiful is good” principle.
- the tendency of other people to rate attractiveness of an individual more favorably as compared to less attractive.
halo effect
- found that faces holds fundamental and important characteristics that could indicate a person’s quality as a romantic partner and as a mate.
evolutionary psychology
- how one thinks about towards one’s body
Body image
- coined by William James in 1800. It is the number of success a person achieves in the domain of life.
- how you value yourself and how you feel others
value you.
Self- esteem
is extremely important. according to the dictionary, “beauty is the degree to which a person’s physical traits are considered pleasing or beautiful”
physical beauty
- happens when your looks don’t match your beauty standards
self- image problem
