physical science chapters 15-16 terms

Question 1

electrochemical cell in which a chemical reaction produces electricity

Answer 1

voltaic cell

Question 2

A device designed to
produce an electrochemical reaction is

Answer 2

electrochemical cell

Question 3

the electrons lost by the oxidized atoms flow out of the cell as

Answer 3

electron current

Question 4

Chemists say that an atom losing electrons

Answer 4

oxidized

Question 5

electrochemical cell that produces electricity and has the reactants continually replenished from an outside source

Answer 5

fuel cell

Question 6

a hydrocarbon having only a single bond between carbon atoms

Answer 6

alkane

Question 7

electrochemical cell in which electricity produces a chemical reaction

Answer 7

electrolytic cell

Question 8

the study of compounds containing carbon

Answer 8

organic chemistrty

Question 9

the most common type if voltaic cell - a type of dry cell

Answer 9

alkaline cell

Question 10

a device designed to produce an electrochemical reaction

Answer 10

electrochemical cell

Question 11

a current producing electrochemical cell that can be recharged with electricity from outside current source

Answer 11

storage cell

Question 12

Reduction occurs at the

Answer 12

cathode

Question 13

a compound that contains nothing but hydrogen and carbon

Answer 13

hydrocarbon

Question 14

Oxidation occurs at the

Answer 14

anode

Question 15

more chemical compounds are formed with _____ than all other elements combined

Answer 15

carbon

Question 16

a method of initiating a chemical reaction that would not otherwise occur by passing an electric current through an electrolytic solution

Answer 16

electrolysis

Question 17

nonrechargeable electrochemical cell in which a chemical reaction occurs

Answer 17

storage cell

Question 18

an electrochemical cell that is designed to have the reactants continually replenished from an outside source

Answer 18

fuel cell

Question 19

Any solution that resists changes in pH because it contains a weak acid and one of its basic salts or a weak base and one of its acidic salts is called

Answer 19

buffer

Question 20

A substance that conducts electricity through the movement of ions is

Answer 20

electrolyte

Question 21

“LEO the lion says ‘GER’

Answer 21

a Loss of Electrons is Oxidation, and a Gain of Electrons is Reduction.

Question 22

an atom gaining electrons

Answer 22

reduced

Question 23

carbon forms __?___ covalent bonds

Answer 23

four

Question 24

the process in which a thin coating of metal is found on an object by electrolysis

Answer 24

electroplating

Question 25

the study of electrochemical reactions, chemical reactions that involve an electric current.

Answer 25

electrochemistry

Question 26

Reactions in which electrons are transferred be-tween atoms are called oxidation-reduction reactions or

Answer 26

redox (short for reduction-oxidation) reactions.

Question 27

the longest chain of carbon atoms to which the branches are attached

Answer 27

parent hydrocarbon

Question 28

a major component of natural gas that uses fuel in in stoves and furnaces

Answer 28

methane

Question 29

a major component of LP (liquified petroleum) gas which is used for cooking and heating in recreational vehicles and some mobile homes

Answer 29

propane

Question 30

a hydrocarbon containing at least one or more double bonds

Answer 30

alkene

Question 31

is also used as fuel in portable stoves and fire starters, used to pressurize aerosol cans.

Answer 31

butane

Question 32

the compounds that provide most of the energy for living things and contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in about a 1:2:1 ratio

Answer 32

carbohydrates

Question 33

also called simple sugar- any carbohydrate- only have one ring of atoms per molecule

Answer 33

monnosaccharide

Question 34

relatively small carbohydrate that contains up to about 10 rings of atoms

Answer 34

sugar

Question 35

important sixth-carbon sugar found in both animals and plants

Answer 35

glucose

Question 36

in green plants the process they use to produce glucose from carbon dioxide water and the energy of the sun

Answer 36

photosynthesis

Question 37

are the compounds that provide most of the energy for living things.

Answer 37

carbohydrates

Question 38

any carb consisting on two monosaccharide molecules linked together to forma longer chain

Answer 38

disaccharide

Question 39

any of the large carbohydrates polymers formed when hundreds or thousands of monosaccharide

Answer 39

polysaccharide

Question 40

study of the chemistry of living things

Answer 40

boichemistry

Question 41

common polysaccharide used by plsntd for food storage

Answer 41

starch

Question 42

Hydrocarbons with one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms are classified as

Answer 42

alkynes

Question 43

Carbon atoms can not only bond in straight or branched chains but also form

Answer 43

cyclic (ring-shaped)

Question 44

so named because many have pleasant aromas, have a cyclic structure with electrons that are delocalized (shared by more than two atoms)

Answer 44

aromatic compounds

Question 45

Hydrocarbons that have one or more hydrogen atoms replaced with different atoms or groups of atoms are

Answer 45

substituted hydrocarbons

Question 46

A group of atoms capable of replacing a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon is called

Answer 46

functional group

Question 47

Alkanes with one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine) are called

Answer 47

haloalkanes

Question 48

An organic compound with one or more hydrogen atoms replaced with an –OH group (the hydroxyl group) is called an

Answer 48

alcohol

Question 49

Organic compounds containing the functional group (the carboxyl [kär¶bØkÆsèl] group) are---- are very weak ac-ids that typically have pungent odors.

Answer 49

carboxylic acids

Question 50

a hydrocarbon chain replaces the hydrogen atom of a carboxyl group;

Answer 50

ester

Question 51

is a salt containing a carboxylate ion (an anion formed by removing the hydrogen atom from a carboxylic acid’s carboxyl group)

Answer 51

soap

Question 52

organic compounds similar to soaps but capable of cleaning even in hard water

Answer 52

detergents

Question 53

Plastics and related mate-rials are made by linking together hundreds or even thousands of small organic molecules into much larger molecules called

Answer 53

polymers

Question 54

Latin for “out of nothing”]

Answer 54

ex nihilo

Question 55

god made __, __, __, __, __,

Answer 55

life, space, time, energy, matter

Question 56

the belief that the universe and life formed by gradual processes, have existed for thousands of years.- gradual processes

Answer 56

evolution

Question 57

the author of origin of species - which combined uniformitarianism and natural selection to explain the variety of living things

Answer 57

charles darwin

Question 58

the ship that darwin sailed on during an expedition around south america vand to islands in the pacific island

Answer 58

HMS Beagle

Question 59

the geologist who wrote principles of geology and proposed the idea of uniformitarianism

Answer 59

charles lyell

Question 60

the belief that the natural processes have always occured in the same manner and at the same rate they do now

Answer 60

uniformitarianism

Question 61

the principle stating that the true laws of nature always hold

Answer 61

principle of uniformity

Question 62

an early advocate of darwin's ideas of evolution who helped those ideas obtain immense success

Answer 62

thomas huxley

Question 63

a prominent american botanist who supported charles darwin's work

Answer 63

james dona

Question 64

the idea that God used evolution to make everything in the world

Answer 64

theistic evolution

Question 65

the merging of darwin's ideas with the new discoveries about heredity

Answer 65

neo darwinism

Question 66

a self educated opponent of darwinism and student of the bible who rose to prominence in THe 1920's

Answer 66

harry rimmer

Question 67

an early 20-th century creatonist who used geological evidence to argue for literal interpretation to the genesis creation account

Answer 67

george mccreedy price

Question 68

coathured the genesis flood

Answer 68

dr henry morris and john whitcomb

Question 69

the study of science, especially as it relates to the origin of the earth

Answer 69

creation science

Question 70

says there is a designer for everything we see around us

Answer 70

intelligent design

Question 71

if we took one piece away from our organs they would not work the same right way -- ex. flagella

Answer 71

irreducible complexity

Question 72

one of the greatest giants of science and a firm believer in the divine creation of the universe

Answer 72

sir isaac newton

Question 73

the process by which dna is copied

Answer 73

replication

Question 74

the random change in the dna that occurs when a gene is damaged or copied incorrectly

Answer 74

mutation

Question 75

a group of techniques that uses the radioactive decay of unstable isotopes to the parent isotope half-life

Answer 75

radiometric dating

Question 76

the universe is not improving bbut dying or running down

Answer 76

second law of thermodynamics