physical science chapters 15-16 terms Flashcards
electrochemical cell in which a chemical reaction produces electricity
voltaic cell
A device designed to
produce an electrochemical reaction is
electrochemical cell
the electrons lost by the oxidized atoms flow out of the cell as
electron current
Chemists say that an atom losing electrons
oxidized
electrochemical cell that produces electricity and has the reactants continually replenished from an outside source
fuel cell
a hydrocarbon having only a single bond between carbon atoms
alkane
electrochemical cell in which electricity produces a chemical reaction
electrolytic cell
the study of compounds containing carbon
organic chemistrty
the most common type if voltaic cell - a type of dry cell
alkaline cell
a device designed to produce an electrochemical reaction
electrochemical cell
a current producing electrochemical cell that can be recharged with electricity from outside current source
storage cell
Reduction occurs at the
cathode
a compound that contains nothing but hydrogen and carbon
hydrocarbon
Oxidation occurs at the
anode
more chemical compounds are formed with _____ than all other elements combined
carbon
a method of initiating a chemical reaction that would not otherwise occur by passing an electric current through an electrolytic solution
electrolysis
nonrechargeable electrochemical cell in which a chemical reaction occurs
storage cell
an electrochemical cell that is designed to have the reactants continually replenished from an outside source
fuel cell
Any solution that resists changes in pH because it contains a weak acid and one of its basic salts or a weak base and one of its acidic salts is called
buffer
A substance that conducts electricity through the movement of ions is
electrolyte
“LEO the lion says ‘GER’
a Loss of Electrons is Oxidation, and a Gain of Electrons is Reduction.
an atom gaining electrons
reduced
carbon forms __?___ covalent bonds
four
the process in which a thin coating of metal is found on an object by electrolysis
electroplating
the study of electrochemical
reactions, chemical reactions that involve an electric current.
electrochemistry
Reactions in which electrons are transferred be-tween atoms are called oxidation-reduction reactions or
redox (short for reduction-oxidation) reactions.
the longest chain of carbon atoms to which the branches are attached
parent hydrocarbon
a major component of natural gas that uses fuel in in stoves and furnaces
methane
a major component of LP (liquified petroleum) gas which is used for cooking and heating in recreational vehicles and some mobile homes
propane
a hydrocarbon containing at least one or more double bonds
alkene
is also used as fuel in portable stoves and fire starters, used to pressurize aerosol cans.
butane
the compounds that provide most of the energy for living things and contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in about a 1:2:1 ratio
carbohydrates
also called simple sugar- any carbohydrate- only have one ring of atoms per molecule
monnosaccharide
relatively small carbohydrate that contains up to about 10 rings of atoms
sugar
important sixth-carbon sugar found in both animals and plants
glucose
in green plants the process they use to produce glucose from carbon dioxide water and the energy of the sun
photosynthesis
are the compounds that provide most of the energy for living things.
carbohydrates
any carb consisting on two monosaccharide molecules linked together to forma longer chain
disaccharide
any of the large carbohydrates polymers formed when hundreds or thousands of monosaccharide
polysaccharide
study of the chemistry of living things
boichemistry
common polysaccharide used by plsntd for food storage
starch
Hydrocarbons with one or more
triple bonds between carbon atoms are classified as
alkynes
Carbon atoms can not only bond in straight or branched chains but also form
cyclic (ring-shaped)
so named because many have pleasant aromas, have a cyclic structure with electrons that are delocalized (shared by more than two atoms)
aromatic compounds
Hydrocarbons that have one or more hydrogen atoms replaced with different atoms or groups of atoms are
substituted hydrocarbons
A group of atoms capable of replacing a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon is called
functional group
Alkanes with one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine) are called
haloalkanes
An organic compound with one or more hydrogen atoms replaced with an –OH group (the hydroxyl group) is called an
alcohol
Organic compounds containing the functional group
(the carboxyl [kär¶bØkÆsèl] group) are—- are very weak ac-ids that typically have pungent odors.
carboxylic acids
a hydrocarbon
chain replaces the hydrogen atom of a carboxyl group;
ester
is a salt containing a carboxylate ion (an anion formed by removing the hydrogen atom from a carboxylic acid’s carboxyl group)
soap
organic compounds similar to soaps but capable of cleaning even in hard water
detergents
Plastics and related mate-rials are made by linking together hundreds or even thousands of small organic molecules into much larger molecules called
polymers
Latin for “out of nothing”]
ex nihilo
god made __, __, __, __, __,
life, space, time, energy, matter
the belief that the universe and life formed by gradual processes, have existed for thousands of years.- gradual processes
evolution
the author of origin of species - which combined uniformitarianism and natural selection to explain the variety of living things
charles darwin
the ship that darwin sailed on during an expedition around south america vand to islands in the pacific island
HMS Beagle
the geologist who wrote principles of geology and proposed the idea of uniformitarianism
charles lyell
the belief that the natural processes have always occured in the same manner and at the same rate they do now
uniformitarianism
the principle stating that the true laws of nature always hold
principle of uniformity
an early advocate of darwin’s ideas of evolution who helped those ideas obtain immense success
thomas huxley
a prominent american botanist who supported charles darwin’s work
james dona
the idea that God used evolution to make everything in the world
theistic evolution
the merging of darwin’s ideas with the new discoveries about heredity
neo darwinism
a self educated opponent of darwinism and student of the bible who rose to prominence in THe 1920’s
harry rimmer
an early 20-th century creatonist who used geological evidence to argue for literal interpretation to the genesis creation account
george mccreedy price
coathured the genesis flood
dr henry morris and john whitcomb
the study of science, especially as it relates to the origin of the earth
creation science
says there is a designer for everything we see around us
intelligent design
if we took one piece away from our organs they would not work the same right way – ex. flagella
irreducible complexity
one of the greatest giants of science and a firm believer in the divine creation of the universe
sir isaac newton
the process by which dna is copied
replication
the random change in the dna that occurs when a gene is damaged or copied incorrectly
mutation
a group of techniques that uses the radioactive decay of unstable isotopes to the parent isotope half-life
radiometric dating
the universe is not improving bbut dying or running down
second law of thermodynamics
