final review Flashcards
Any solution that resists changes in pH because it contains a weak acid and one of its basic salts or a weak base and one of its acidic salts is called
a buffer
an atom losing electrons
oxidized
an atom gaining electrons
reduced
Reactions in which electrons are transferred be-tween atoms are
redox reactions
A substance that conducts electricity through the movement of ions is
an electrolyte
Electrolytic cells can also be used to form a thin
coating of metal on an object by electrolysis – may be done for protection of the underlying metal or simply for decoration
electroplating
electrochemical cell in which a chemical reaction produces electricity–
voltaic cell
a current producing electrochemical cell that can be recharged with electricity from outside current source – non-rechargeable electrochemical cell in which a chemical reaction occurs
storage cell
an electrochemical cell that is designed to have the reactants continually replenished from an outside source - electrochemical cell that produces electricity and has the reactants continually replenished from an outside source
fuel cell
study of chemistry of living things
biochemistry
the simplest of the carbohydrates
sugars
what are sugars with only one ring of carbon atoms
monosaccharide
important monosaccharide produced in plants
glucose
the process that produces glucose in plants
photosynthesis
polysaccharide in plant cell walls
cellulose
characterized by insolubility in water
lipids
major nutrient characterized by producing energy for the cell
carbohydrates
compounds contains the blueprint for the cell
nucleic acids
structures for building and maintaining the living cells
protein
the building block of protein
amino acids
kind of bonds that link amino acids together to form protein
peptide bonds
the shape of DNA
double helix
a segment of DNA containing code for a specific substance task or characteristic
gene
the process by which the body produces and uses energy from food
metabolism
the energy carrier of the cell
ATP
the latin phrase that means out of nothing
ex nihilo
five things created at the beginning
space, time, matter, energy, life
the book written by darwin about evolution
the origin of species
the idea that the present is the key to the past
uniformitarianism
wrote a book proposing the idea of uniformitarianism
charles lyell
idea that god used evolution to create everything that we see
theistic evolution
the merging of experiments discovering that genetic traits are passed down to one’s children and Darwin’s ideas of natural selection
neo-darwinism
nothing is knowable outside of the natural world
secular humanism
idea that life arose from a chemical reaction in the ocean
abiogenesis (life from non-life)
the most commonly accepted view of the matter and origin of the universe
big bang
the study of science as it relates to the origins of the universe and of life with God as it’s creator
creation science
the book written by henry morris and john whitcomb that inspired creation science
the genesis flood
process by which dna is copied for the purpose of a new cell being formed
replication
a random change in dna
mutation
most important principle showing there had to have been an act of creation
2nd law of thermodynamics (the universe is running down)
system that allows a bat to locate its surroundings
echolocation
defined as the study of compounds containing carbon, whether or not the compounds were formed by living things
organic chemistry
Many organic compounds contain only hydrogen
and carbon; these compounds are collectively called
hydrocarbons
electrons shared by two or more atoms
delocalized electrons
a hydrocarbon
chain replaces the hydrogen atom of a carboxyl group in what functional group
ester
–OH group
hydroxyl
An organic compound with one or more hydrogen atoms replaced with an –OH group is called
alcohol
a salt containing a carboxylate ion (an anion formed by removing the hydrogen atom from a carboxylic acid’s carboxyl group)
soap
organic compounds similar to soaps but capable of cleaning even in hard water.
detergent
common polysaccharides used for food storage are
starches
is simply a huge organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules
polymer
full name for origin of species (this isn’t technically a term but he brought it up and then told us he brought it up in review so it might be a good bonus)
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life
formula for density
ρ = m/V
density = mass divided by volume
formula for work
work = force × distance
W= Fd
formula for pressure
pressure = force / area
P= F/A
The force exerted per unit of area
(formula) boil’s law
P1V1 = P2V2
(formula) Charles’ law
V1 V2
__ = __
T1 T2
(formula) Amonton’s law
P1 P2
____ = ____
T1 T2
for the record for all the gas laws the numbers are supposed to be sunscripts, but the chromebook doesn’t do that
speed of wave formula
v = λ f
speed of wave=wavelength x frequency
formula for ohm’s law
V = IR
current= voltage over resistance
means change in
delta
very weak ac-ids that typically have pungent odors.
carboxylic acids
functional group –COOH, found in carboxylic acids
carboxylic group
The orderly process by which scientists investigate the secrets of nature is called
scientific method
steps of the scientific method
observing (gathering facts), hypothesizing (suggesting explanations), and experimenting (testing explanations)
law of cause and effect. According to this law, events observed in the universe have rational causes; the same cause will always have the same effect because the universe is rational
principle of causality
the study of reasoning
logic
the conclusion does logically follow from its premises; but one of the premises includes the assumption that the conclusion is true.
circular reasoning
occurs when someone attacks the person making an argument instead of challenging the person’s facts, premises, or reasoning
ad hominem fallacy
a model of the design (or some part of the design) that is used for testing.
prototype
study of the inorganic world
physical science
the ability to do work
energy
takes place when two or more substances unite or break apart chemically.
chemical change
the study of interactions between matter and energy.
physics
the science of quantity
“language of science”
mathematics
the most important part of an equation
equal sign
a collection of compatible, related units that can be used to measure such quantities as length, mass, weight, or volume.
system of measurement
a modification of the metric system with meticulously defined standards for all units
SI system
coldest possible temperature, and the temperature at which molecular vibration ceases.
absolute zero
These more recent contributions, including quantum mechanics, relativity, solid-state physics, and particle physics, fall under the category
modern physics
has both magnitude and direction
vector quantity
can be defined mathematically as the change in position (displacement) divided by time:
velocity
which states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
third law of motion
the velocity of an object does not change unless the object is acted upon by an external force
newton’s first law of motion
the object reaches a velocity at which the magnitude of drag equals the object’s weight
terminal velocity
devices for doing work,
machines
the rate of doing work, or work per unit time.
power
