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Physical Science Flashcards

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1
Q

Solids

A

Retain shape. Melt when heated and vaporize slightly. Ex: rocks feathers wood

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2
Q

Liquids

A

Take on the shape of their containers. Cannot be compressed to any significant extent. Ex: water oil honey

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3
Q

Gases

A

Expand to fill any available space. Pressure increases the volume decreases. Ex air helium

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4
Q

Sublimation

A

Makes it possible for some elements and compounds to transition from a solid to a gas phase without becoming a liquid. Ex: dry ice when put in room temp. Changes to gas

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5
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter in a chemical substance

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6
Q

Density

A

Determined by dividing the mass by the volume

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7
Q

Hardness

A

Refers to the various properties of matter in the solid phase that give it a high resistance to its shape changing when force is applied.

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8
Q

Three principal operational definitions of hardness

A

Scratch hardness, indentation hardness, rebound hardness

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9
Q

Scratch hardness

A

Resistance to fracture or plastic deformation due to friction from a sharp object.

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10
Q

Indentation hardness

A

Resistance to plastic deformation die to constant load from a sharp object.

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11
Q

Rebound hardness

A

Height of the bounce of an object dropped on the material, related to elasticity.

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12
Q

Mohs scale of hardness

A

Rates minerals and puts them on a scale from 1(softest)-10(hardest)

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13
Q

Physical properties

A

Are characteristics that make up the physical composition of a substance. Ex: color, form, electrical conductivity, and density

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14
Q

Physical changes

A

Changes in state from solid to liquid to gas but is not a perm change.

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15
Q

Chemical changes

A

Occurs whenever compounds are formed or decomposed. Rearrangement of atoms durning reaction that makes or breaks the chemical bond. The change is usually not reversible.

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16
Q

Chemical reaction

A

The number of molecules or formula units of the reactant and products.

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17
Q

Atoms

A

Center of and atom called: nucleus which is made up of particles called protons and neutrons. Protons have positive electrical charge. Neutrons have no charge. Electrons move around the outside and have a negative charge.

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18
Q

Chemic elements

A

Composed of only one atom and cannot be separated into different substances. Each have different number of protons.

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19
Q

Compounds

A

Formed by the chemic combination of two or more elements in a fixed ratio.

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20
Q

Litmus

A

Water soluble mixture of different dyes extracted from lichens. Often absorbed onto filter paper.

21
Q

Mixture

A

Is a substance made by combining two or more difference materials without a chemical reaction occurring. The objects do not bond.

22
Q

Length

A

Unit:meter
Symbol: m
Approx: 1.1yrd

23
Q

Volume

A

Unit: liter
Symbol: l
Approx: 1.1 quart

24
Q

Mass

A

Unit: gram
Symbol: g
Approx: 1/30 ounce

25
Q

Motion

A

There is a constance change in the location of a body, and is described by stating an objects position, velocity, and acceleration.

26
Q

Velocity

A

The rate of change of position with time.

V=d/t

27
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate of change of velocity with time.

A=v/t

28
Q

Newtons first law of motion

A

Without outside forces a stationary object will never move, and outside forces an object in motion will never stop or deviate from its course.

29
Q

Newtons second law

A

The more force the more acceleration

30
Q

Newtons third law

A

For every action (applied force) there os an equal and opposite reaction

31
Q

Gravitation

A

Is a natural phenomenon by which objects with mass attract one another.

32
Q

Magnetism

A

Displayed by permanent magnets and around electric currents.

33
Q

Simple machine

A

Is a mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force.

34
Q

Four classical simple machines

A

Lever Ex: wheelbarrow, baseball bat
Pulley ex: blinds
incline plane ex: ramp
Screw, threading determines the mechanical advantage of the machine

35
Q

Forms of energy

A

Solar, chemical, electrical, magnetic, nuclear, sound, light, and electromagnetic

36
Q

Electricity

A

A form of energy that can be used to produce sound light heat and power. Exists where the number of negative electrons does not precisely equal the number of positive protons.

37
Q

Electrical circuit

A

Simply the path or circuit an electric current flows

38
Q

Static electricity

A

Rests when electrical charges buildup of increase on the surface of a material

39
Q

Light

A

Travel in perfectly straight lines as rays

40
Q

Nuclear energy

A

Obtained by fission and fusion

41
Q

Nuclear fission

A

Releases energy when a heavy nucleus splits into smaller fragments. Used in power plants and atomic bombs

42
Q

Nuclear fusion

A

Yeds energy when very light nuclei unite to a heavier nucleus. Stars for example

43
Q

Temp conversions

A

C=5/9(F - 32)

F=9/5C + 32

44
Q

Heat conduction

A

Or thermal conduction is the spontaneous transfer of thermal energy through matter from a region of higher temp to a region of lower temp.

45
Q

Thermal radiation

A

Electromagnetic radiation emitted from the surface of an object.

46
Q

Convection

A

Occurs when hot air is leas dense than cool air and therefore rises.

47
Q

Renewable energy

A

Energy generated from natural resources such as sunlight wind rain tides and geothermal heat.

48
Q

Nonrenewable energy

A

Is energy taken from finite resources that eventually dwindle becoming too expensive or too environmentally damaging or retrieve. Ex: fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas

49
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Science (3 decks)

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