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Physical Science Flashcards

0
Q

Mass number

A

Number of protons and neutrons

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1
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons

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2
Q

Ionic bond

A

Transfers of electrons

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3
Q

Covalent bond

A

Sharing of electrons

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4
Q

Substance being dissolved (often solid)

A

Solute

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5
Q

Substance doing the dissolving (often liquid)

A

Solvent

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6
Q

Solvent and a dissolved solute

A

Solution

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7
Q

Measurement of the amount of substance in an object

A

Mass

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8
Q

Gravitational force pulling down on an object

A

Weight

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9
Q

Kinetic energy of molecules transferred from a warmer substance to a cooler one

A

Heat

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10
Q

Measurement of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance

A

Temperature

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11
Q

Combining a small nuclei into larger ones, releasing energy

A

Fusion (sun)

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12
Q

Splitting of a large nucleus into smaller one, with the release of neutrons and energy

A

Fission (nuclear power plant)

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13
Q

Electrons farthest from the nucleus

A

Valence electrons

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14
Q

A positively charged ion

A

Cation

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15
Q

A negatively charged ion

A

Anion

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16
Q

The vertical columns on the periodic table are called:

A

Groups

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17
Q

The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called:

A

Periods

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18
Q

What indicates the size of an atom?

A

Atomic radius

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19
Q

Atomic radius ______ from left to right and _______ from top to bottom

A

Decreases; increases

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20
Q

The energy required to completely remove an electron from an atom or ion

A

Ionization energy

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21
Q

Ionization energy _______ from left to right and _______ from top to bottom

A

Increases; decreases

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22
Q

Energy released when an electron is added to a gaseous atom

A

Electron affinity

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23
Q

Measure of the attraction an atom has for electrons in a chemical bond

A

Electronegativity

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24
Q

Electronegativity _______ from left to right and _______ from top to bottom

A

Increases; decreases

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25
Q

Malleability and ductility describe what elements?

A

Metals

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26
Q

_______ have high ionization energy, electronegativity, poor conductors of heat, and gain electron easily

27
Q

The elements of groups IA are called

A

Alkali metals

28
Q

The elements of group IIA are called

A

Alkaline earth metals

29
Q

Highly reactive nonmetals are called

30
Q

Inert gases found in ground VIII are called

A

Noble gases

31
Q

What elements have a low ionization energy, very hard, high melting and boiling points, and exist in a variety of oxidative states?

A

Transition metals

32
Q

_______ reactions are those in which 2 or more reactants form one product

33
Q

_________ reactions defined in which a compound breaks down into two or more substances

A

Decomposition

34
Q

What reaction occurs when an atom of one compound is replaced by an atom of another element?

A

Single displacement reaction

35
Q

In what reactions do elements from two different compounds displaced each other to form 2 new compounds

A

Double displacement reaction

36
Q

What reaction occurs when a compound reacts with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide

A

Combustion

37
Q

Liquid phase escape into gas phase

A

Evaporation

38
Q

Gas back into the liquid phase

A

Condensation

39
Q

Pressure gas exerts when the 2 phases are at equilibrium

A

Vapor pressure

40
Q

Transition from liquid to solid

A

Solidification, freezing

41
Q

Transition from solid to liquid

A

Fusion, melting

42
Q

Solid goes directly to gas phase

A

Sublimation

43
Q

Gas into a solid phase

A

Deposition

44
Q

The interaction between solute and solvent molecule is known as:

A

Solvation or dissolution

45
Q

A pH of below 7 indicates an excess of ____ ions and therefor is a _____ solution

46
Q

A pH of above 7 indicates an excess of ____ ions and therefor is a _____ solution

47
Q

What type of fission is characterized by the decay of certain nuclei and the emission of specific particles

A

Radioactive decay

48
Q

Unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons are known as:

49
Q

Name the branch of mechanics dealing with motion

A

Kinematics

50
Q

Define distance

A

Total amount of space moved

51
Q

Define displacement

A

Vector quantity that describes a change in position

52
Q

Average speed is equal to

A

Total distance/total time

53
Q

Average velocity is equal to

A

Displacement/change in time

54
Q

Acceleration =

A

Change in velocity/change in time

55
Q

Study of what causes motion

56
Q

Newton’s first law of motion

A

A body either at rest or motion with constant velocity will remain that way unless a net force acts upon it

57
Q

Newton’s second law of motion

A

Net force = mass x acceleration

58
Q

Newton’s third law

A

To every action there is an opposite but equal reaction

59
Q

Work =

A

Force x displacement

60
Q

Kinetic energy =

61
Q

Potential energy

62
Q

Power =

63
Q

SI unit of charge

64
Q

Voltage drop across a resistor is proportional to the current it carries is _____ law

A

Ohm’s law

65
Q

A _____ is a pure substance that is composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed proportion

TEAS (5 decks)

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