Physical Science Flashcards
At 0 on the Kelvin scale, this is the lowest temperature attainable and occurs when particles lose the maximum amount of energy.
Absolute Zero
A substance with a pH below 7.
Acid
The distance between the crest or trough of a wave from its resting position, or half the distance between the crest and trough of a wave.
Amplitude
Pressure exerted by Earth’s atmosphere.
Atmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric pressure at sea level.
100 kPa
1 atm
760 mm Hg
760 Torr
The smallest particle that exists of any given element.
Atom
The mass of one atom of an element.
Atomic Mass
The weighted average mass of all isotopes of an element.
Atomic Weight
A substance with a pH above 7.
Base
The temperature at which the molecules of a substance have enough energy to switch from the liquid phase to the gas phase.
Boiling Point
Changing from one phase of matter to another.
Change of State
Five phases of matter.
Bose-Einstein Condensate
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Two or more elements chemically bonded together.
Compound
An exothermic phase change that results in a gas cooling into a liquid.
Condensation
The process of electrons flowing through conduction matter.
Conduction (electrical)
The process of heat energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object through physical contact.
Conduction (heat)
The transfer of heat through a liquid or gas caused by hotter material rising and colder material sinking.
Convection
A chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons.
Covalent Bond
Radiation causing the loss of mass. The result of this process is the changing of one element into another.
Decay (radioactive decay)
A measure of the closeness of particles in a substance, which is found by dividing the mass of the substance by the volume it occupies.
Density
The process of particles of two or more substances moving until equally distributed and mixed together.
Diffusion
The rate of diffusion is determined by…
Concentrations of the substances
Energy in the particles
When the components of a substance separate and move throughout a liquid, but do not chemically react with the liquid.
Dissolve
Commonly called voltage because it is measured in volts.
Electric Potential
The negatively charged subatomic particles that orbits the nucleus of an atom.
Electron
One of about 100 basic substance that cannot be chemically broken down into a simpler substance.
Element
The ability to do work or produce heat.
Energy
A property that allows for a very quick, almost instant, decomposition of a substance with the release of a large amount of energy.
Explosive
A push or pull of an object.
Force
A substance that has molecules that are able to flow past one another.
Fluid
Fluids include…
Liquids
Gases
Plasmas
An exothermic phase change from liquid to solid.
Freezing Point
A measure of the number of waves that pass a specific point per second.
Frequency
Damaging waves of ration produced by the release of photons from the nucleus of a radioactive element.
Gamma Rays
The phase of matter where molecules have enough energy to break the bonds attracting them to one another.
Gas
The attractive force that exists between any two physical objects that have mass.
Gravity
Columns on the periodic table. Also known as a family.
Group
The amount of time it takes for a radioactive element to lose half of its radiation.
Half-life
The transfer of energy as the result of a temperature difference between a substance and its environment.
Heat
The amount of heat needed by a substance to result in a change in temperature.
Heat Capacity
A property of a substance that indicates the amount of heat that is released when one mole of the substance combusts.
Heat of Combustion
The unit of measurement for wave frequency, which measures wave cycles per second.
Hertz (Hz)
A charged atom.
Ion
Negatively charged ion.
Anion
Positively charged ion.
Cation
A chemical bond formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions.
Ionic Bond
Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons.
Isotope
The energy of motion.
Kinetic Energy
The amount of heat that a substance will absorb or release during a phase change while the temperature remains constant.
Latent Heat
A transparent object with a curved surface that causes light to bend.
Lens
The phase of matter where molecules have enough energy to move past one another, but not break the bonds attraction them to one another.
Liquid
A measure of the amount of matter in something.
Mass
Any substance or object that has both volume and mass.
Matter
The material through which a wave travels.
Medium
An endothermic phase change from solid to liquid.
Melting Point
An element that releases electrons and creates a positive ion.
Metal
A combination of two or more substance that can be separated by physical means.
Mixture
6.022x10^23 of any item.
Mole
Avogadro’s number.
6.022x10^23
The smallest group of chemically-bonded atoms that can exist and still react and retain the properties of a substance.
Molecule
A neutral subatomic particle that exists inside the nucleus of an atom.
Neutron
A unit of force named after Sir Isaac Newton.
Newton (N)
A group of elements in the far right column of the periodic table, known for being unattractive.
Noble Gases
The center of an atom which contains the protons and neutrons.
Nucleus
The units that describes the electrical resistance of a conductor.
Ohm
A small piece of matter
Particle
One of eight horizontal rows on the periodic table.
Period
A measurement of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.
pH
A state of matter dependent on the amount of energy in a substance’s molecules.
Phase
A particle with zero mass that transmits light or other electromagnetic radiation.
Photon
The energy an object holds due to its position relative to other objects.
Potential Energy
The amount of force exerted per given area, measured in pascals (Pa).
Pressure
A positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom.
Determine the atomic number.
Proton
Heat energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object through waves. It is the only form of heat transfer which does not require a medium.
Radiation
The phase of matter where molecules do not have enough energy to move past one another.
Solid
An energy-carrying disturbance.
Wave
The study of heat and its relationship with other forms of energy, work, and temperature.
Thermodynamics
Matter cannot be created or destroyed.
The Law of Conservation of Matter
Involves only magnitude
Scaler Quantity
Includes a magnitude and a direction.
Vector Quantity
Common scaler quantities include…
Time
Area
Speed
Common vectors quantities include…
Displacement
Velocity
Momentum
Acceleration
A study of two-dimensional motion.
Projectile Motion
A measure of how difficult it is to start an object into mitten or to stop an object already in motion.
Momentum
Momentum is never gained or lost, only transferred.
Law of Conversation of Momentum
Momentum an object has when it is spinning around an axis.
Angular Momentum
Materials that have electrons capable of moving freely.
Conductors
