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AFOQT - TCJ > Physical Science > Flashcards

Physical Science Flashcards

1
Q

At 0 on the Kelvin scale, this is the lowest temperature attainable and occurs when particles lose the maximum amount of energy.

A

Absolute Zero

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2
Q

A substance with a pH below 7.

A

Acid

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3
Q

The distance between the crest or trough of a wave from its resting position, or half the distance between the crest and trough of a wave.

A

Amplitude

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4
Q

Pressure exerted by Earth’s atmosphere.

A

Atmospheric Pressure

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5
Q

Atmospheric pressure at sea level.

A

100 kPa
1 atm
760 mm Hg
760 Torr

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6
Q

The smallest particle that exists of any given element.

A

Atom

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7
Q

The mass of one atom of an element.

A

Atomic Mass

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8
Q

The weighted average mass of all isotopes of an element.

A

Atomic Weight

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9
Q

A substance with a pH above 7.

A

Base

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10
Q

The temperature at which the molecules of a substance have enough energy to switch from the liquid phase to the gas phase.

A

Boiling Point

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11
Q

Changing from one phase of matter to another.

A

Change of State

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12
Q

Five phases of matter.

A

Bose-Einstein Condensate
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

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13
Q

Two or more elements chemically bonded together.

A

Compound

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14
Q

An exothermic phase change that results in a gas cooling into a liquid.

A

Condensation

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15
Q

The process of electrons flowing through conduction matter.

A

Conduction (electrical)

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16
Q

The process of heat energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object through physical contact.

A

Conduction (heat)

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17
Q

The transfer of heat through a liquid or gas caused by hotter material rising and colder material sinking.

A

Convection

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18
Q

A chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons.

A

Covalent Bond

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19
Q

Radiation causing the loss of mass. The result of this process is the changing of one element into another.

A

Decay (radioactive decay)

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20
Q

A measure of the closeness of particles in a substance, which is found by dividing the mass of the substance by the volume it occupies.

A

Density

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21
Q

The process of particles of two or more substances moving until equally distributed and mixed together.

A

Diffusion

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22
Q

The rate of diffusion is determined by…

A

Concentrations of the substances
Energy in the particles

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23
Q

When the components of a substance separate and move throughout a liquid, but do not chemically react with the liquid.

A

Dissolve

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24
Q

Commonly called voltage because it is measured in volts.

A

Electric Potential

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25
Q

The negatively charged subatomic particles that orbits the nucleus of an atom.

A

Electron

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26
Q

One of about 100 basic substance that cannot be chemically broken down into a simpler substance.

A

Element

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27
Q

The ability to do work or produce heat.

A

Energy

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28
Q

A property that allows for a very quick, almost instant, decomposition of a substance with the release of a large amount of energy.

A

Explosive

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29
Q

A push or pull of an object.

A

Force

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30
Q

A substance that has molecules that are able to flow past one another.

A

Fluid

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31
Q

Fluids include…

A

Liquids
Gases
Plasmas

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32
Q

An exothermic phase change from liquid to solid.

A

Freezing Point

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33
Q

A measure of the number of waves that pass a specific point per second.

A

Frequency

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34
Q

Damaging waves of ration produced by the release of photons from the nucleus of a radioactive element.

A

Gamma Rays

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35
Q

The phase of matter where molecules have enough energy to break the bonds attracting them to one another.

A

Gas

36
Q

The attractive force that exists between any two physical objects that have mass.

A

Gravity

37
Q

Columns on the periodic table. Also known as a family.

A

Group

38
Q

The amount of time it takes for a radioactive element to lose half of its radiation.

A

Half-life

39
Q

The transfer of energy as the result of a temperature difference between a substance and its environment.

A

Heat

40
Q

The amount of heat needed by a substance to result in a change in temperature.

A

Heat Capacity

41
Q

A property of a substance that indicates the amount of heat that is released when one mole of the substance combusts.

A

Heat of Combustion

42
Q

The unit of measurement for wave frequency, which measures wave cycles per second.

A

Hertz (Hz)

43
Q

A charged atom.

A

Ion

44
Q

Negatively charged ion.

A

Anion

45
Q

Positively charged ion.

A

Cation

46
Q

A chemical bond formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions.

A

Ionic Bond

47
Q

Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons.

A

Isotope

48
Q

The energy of motion.

A

Kinetic Energy

49
Q

The amount of heat that a substance will absorb or release during a phase change while the temperature remains constant.

A

Latent Heat

50
Q

A transparent object with a curved surface that causes light to bend.

A

Lens

51
Q

The phase of matter where molecules have enough energy to move past one another, but not break the bonds attraction them to one another.

A

Liquid

52
Q

A measure of the amount of matter in something.

A

Mass

53
Q

Any substance or object that has both volume and mass.

A

Matter

54
Q

The material through which a wave travels.

A

Medium

55
Q

An endothermic phase change from solid to liquid.

A

Melting Point

56
Q

An element that releases electrons and creates a positive ion.

A

Metal

57
Q

A combination of two or more substance that can be separated by physical means.

A

Mixture

58
Q

6.022x10^23 of any item.

A

Mole

59
Q

Avogadro’s number.

A

6.022x10^23

60
Q

The smallest group of chemically-bonded atoms that can exist and still react and retain the properties of a substance.

A

Molecule

61
Q

A neutral subatomic particle that exists inside the nucleus of an atom.

A

Neutron

62
Q

A unit of force named after Sir Isaac Newton.

A

Newton (N)

63
Q

A group of elements in the far right column of the periodic table, known for being unattractive.

A

Noble Gases

64
Q

The center of an atom which contains the protons and neutrons.

A

Nucleus

65
Q

The units that describes the electrical resistance of a conductor.

A

Ohm

66
Q

A small piece of matter

A

Particle

67
Q

One of eight horizontal rows on the periodic table.

A

Period

68
Q

A measurement of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

A

pH

69
Q

A state of matter dependent on the amount of energy in a substance’s molecules.

A

Phase

70
Q

A particle with zero mass that transmits light or other electromagnetic radiation.

A

Photon

71
Q

The energy an object holds due to its position relative to other objects.

A

Potential Energy

72
Q

The amount of force exerted per given area, measured in pascals (Pa).

A

Pressure

73
Q

A positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom.

Determine the atomic number.

A

Proton

74
Q

Heat energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object through waves. It is the only form of heat transfer which does not require a medium.

A

Radiation

75
Q

The phase of matter where molecules do not have enough energy to move past one another.

A

Solid

76
Q

An energy-carrying disturbance.

A

Wave

77
Q

The study of heat and its relationship with other forms of energy, work, and temperature.

A

Thermodynamics

78
Q

Matter cannot be created or destroyed.

A

The Law of Conservation of Matter

79
Q

Involves only magnitude

A

Scaler Quantity

80
Q

Includes a magnitude and a direction.

A

Vector Quantity

81
Q

Common scaler quantities include…

A

Time
Area
Speed

82
Q

Common vectors quantities include…

A

Displacement
Velocity
Momentum
Acceleration

83
Q

A study of two-dimensional motion.

A

Projectile Motion

84
Q

A measure of how difficult it is to start an object into mitten or to stop an object already in motion.

A

Momentum

85
Q

Momentum is never gained or lost, only transferred.

A

Law of Conversation of Momentum

86
Q

Momentum an object has when it is spinning around an axis.

A

Angular Momentum

87
Q

Materials that have electrons capable of moving freely.

A

Conductors

AFOQT - TCJ (7 decks)

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