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Praxis Science > Physical Science > Flashcards

Physical Science Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

State of matter where the particles are very close together

A

Solid

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2
Q

State of matter where the particles are closer together than a gas but farther apart than a solid

A

Liquid

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3
Q

State of matter where the particles are very far apart

A

Gas

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4
Q

Results in change in the size and shape by: tearing, folding, melting, freezing, evaporating, or cutting

A

Physical change

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5
Q

Results in any change that forms new substances at the molecular level by: rotting, burning, cooking, or rusting

A

Chemical change

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6
Q

Rapid vaporization of a liquid (liquid to gas)

A

Boiling

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7
Q

Water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it (gas to liquid)

A

Condensation

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8
Q

Vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase (liquid to gas)

A

Evaporation

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9
Q

A material system made up of two or more different substances that are mixed but are not combined chemically

A

Mixture

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10
Q

Type of mixture where you cannot see the different individual parts

A

Homogeneous mixture

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11
Q

Type of mixture where you can see the different individual parts

A

Heterogeneous mixture

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12
Q

Type of homogeneous mixture where one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. Particles do not settle and cannot be separated out by ordinary filtering. Example: gels, emulsions

A

Colloid mixture

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13
Q

Type of heterogeneous mixture that contains solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation. Example: orange juice, salad dressing

A

Suspension mixture

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14
Q

Type of homogeneous mixture where the dissolving agent is the solvent. Example: salt water, sugar water.

A

Solution

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15
Q

A measure of acidity or alkalinity of water-soluble substances.

A

pH (percent hydrogen) scale

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16
Q

pH value of 7 is

A

neutral

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17
Q

pH value less than 7 is

A

acidic

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18
Q

pH value more than 7 is

A

alkaline (basic)

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19
Q

The smallest part of an element that retains its chemical properties. More than 99.4% of its mass is in the nucleus.

A

Atom

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20
Q

Negatively charged subatomic particles that circle around the atom’s nucleus

A

Electrons

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21
Q

Neutrally charged subatomic particles that are located in the atom’s nucleus

A

Neutrons

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22
Q

Positively charged subatomic particles that are located in the atom’s nucleus

A

Protons

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23
Q

More than 100 substances that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter

A

Elements

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24
Q

How an element is identified. It is also the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms.

A

Atomic number

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25
What are the different ways elements are classified within the periodic table?
Groups & Periods, Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids, and Noble gases
26
the impulse for which a chemical substance undergoes a chemical reaction, either by itself or with other materials, with an overall release of energy.
reactivity
27
What happens to the reactivity of metals as you move down and to the left to the periodic table?
Reactivity increases
28
The smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound (Example: H2O)
Molecule
29
What are the 6 characteristics of water?
Cohesion, Adhesion, High-specific heat, High heat of evaporation, Lower density of ice, and High polarity
30
Composed of two or more elements bonded together (examples: CO2, H2O, CH4)
Compounds
31
Charged elements or molecules that have lost or gained one or more electrons
Ions
32
Two or more forms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Isotopes
33
Property of water that causes it to be attracted to its own molecules
Cohesion
34
Property of water that causes it to be attracted to other molecules
Adhesion
35
Property of water that allows it to moderate temperature
High-specific heat
36
Property of water that gives off a cooling effect, like when humans sweat.
High heat of evaporation
37
Property of water that makes it less dense than ice, causing ice to float in water
Lower density of ice
38
Property of water that makes it a powerful solvent
High polarity
39
Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.
A force
40
The force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other
Friction
41
A body in motion stays in motion or a body at rest remains at rest, unless acted upon by a force
Newton's first law of motion
42
For a constant mass, force equals mass times acceleration (F = m x a)
Newton's second law of motion
43
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Newton's third law of motion
44
A state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced
Equilibrium
45
The force exerted by magnets when they attract or repel each other
Magnetism
46
The amount of matter an object has to its volume
Density
47
Density equation
mass/volume
48
Type of energy where the object is in motion.
Kinetic energy
49
Type of energy possessed by an object/individual by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors.
Potential energy
50
energy stored in objects by tension. (examples: Compressed springs and stretched rubber bands)
Mechanical energy
51
delivered by tiny charged particles called electrons, typically moving through a wire. Lightning is an example.
Electrical energy
52
energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules.
Chemical energy
53
AKA heat, is the energy that comes from the movement of atoms and molecules in a substance. Heat increases when these particles move faster.
Thermal energy
54
the exchange of thermal energy between physical systems
Heat transfer
55
The transfer of heat by the actual movement of the warmed matter.
Convection
56
The transfer of heat from particle to particle.
Conduction
57
The transfer of heat from electromagnetic waves through space.
Radiation
58
The flow of an electric charge
Electricity
59
path for transmitting electric current. Must be closed to fully power things.
Electrical circuit
60
Type of circuit where the components are arranged end to end.
Series circuits
61
Type of circuit with branches that allows multiple applications to happen at once
Parallel circuits
62
A giant spark of electricity in the atmosphere between clouds, the air, or the ground
Lightning
63
List some good conductors of electricity
wire, metal, water
64
List some bad conductors of electricity
rubber, cloth, styrofoam
65
an explanation of an aspect of the natural world/universe that is based on a body of evidence and many experiments, trials, and tests over time.
scientific theory
66
describe the mechanisms for natural events
scientific explanations
67
regularities or mathematical descriptions of natural phenomena
scientific laws
68
used by scientists as an idea that may contribute important new knowledge for the evaluation of a scientific theory
hypothesis
69
A body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry is commonly based on empirical or measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning.
Scientific method
70
a procedure carried out to refute or validate a hypothesis
experiment
71
the element manipulated in an experiment
independent variable
72
the element being measured during an experiment
dependent variable
73
the elements of an experiment that a scientist wants to remain constant, so the scientist can observe them as carefully as the dependent variables
control variables

Praxis Science (3 decks)

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