physical properties of elements

Question 1

trends in ionisation energy

Answer 1

• Across periods (left to right): Ionization energy increases due to increased nuclear charge and smaller atomic size.
• Down groups (top to bottom): Ionization energy decreases due to increased atomic size and electron shielding.

Question 2

what is electron affinity

Answer 2

Electron affinity is the energy change when an atom gains an electron.

Question 3

what is the atomic radius

Answer 3

Atomic Radius:
• The atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron of an atom.

Question 4

what is the ionic radius

Answer 4

Ionic Radius:
• The ionic radius is the radius of an atom after it gains or loses electrons to form an ion.

Question 5

what is electronegativity

Answer 5

Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons when it forms a chemical bond with another atom.

Question 6

melting and boiling points across trends

Answer 6

Across a Period:
• Metals: Points increase.
• Nonmetals: Points decrease.
Down a Group:
• Metals: Points increase.
• Nonmetals: Points decrease.
Metals have stronger bonds; nonmetals have weaker forces.