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MSK Part 2 (nlg) > Physical MSK Exam Correlates > Flashcards

Physical MSK Exam Correlates Flashcards

1
Q

cervical nerve roots are named for….

A

the vertebra below them (vs T/L named for vertebra above!)

this gives us a C8

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2
Q

why start c spine exam at c5?

A

c1 and 2 are rare and catastrophic (no appointment)

C3/4/5 keep diaphragm alive

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3
Q

C5

A

strength - blocker - deltoid and biceps

sensation - lateral arm, biceps reflex

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4
Q

c6

A

strength - beggar - wrist extensors
sensation - 6 shooter, thumb/index finger
brachioradialis reflex

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5
Q

c7

A

motor - kisser - triceps, wrist flexors
sensation - 7 heaven - middle finger
triceps refex

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6
Q

c8

A

motor - grabber - finger flexors

sensation - ulnar forearm, palmar pinky

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7
Q

t1

A

motor - spock - finger abduction (interossei)

sensation - medial elbow

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8
Q

how to test for disc herniation and spondylolysis

A

spurlings test - bend, rotate, and extend

compresses posterior exiting roots

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9
Q

urgent injury requiring neurosurgical decompression, compression of terminal nerve roots in L spine

A

cauda equine syndrome

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10
Q

most common msk condition

A

lower back pain

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11
Q

spine flexion causes _______ compression –> pushing nucleus pulposa _______

A

anterior; posteriorly

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12
Q

two red flags of cauda equine syndrome

A

bowel or bladder changes
and
saddle anesthesia or sensation changes

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13
Q

7 red flags of history

A 
history of cancer
night pain
constitutional symptoms: fever, weightloss, nightsweats
trauma
numbness
bowel/bladder changes
saddle sensation changes
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14
Q

common vertebra for nerve compression

A

L4, L5, S1

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15
Q

L4

A

motor-tibialis anterior
sensation - medial foot/ankle
reflex - patellar (quads)

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16
Q

L5

A

motor- ext halluces longus (big to dorsiflexion)

sensation - dorsal foot

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17
Q

S1

A

motor - plantar flexion
sensation - lateral foot/ankle
Achilles reflex

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18
Q

FABER

A

flexion ABduction external rotation

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19
Q

positive straight leg raise –>

A

neural tension

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20
Q

positive single leg stork–>

A

spondylolysis - stress fracture of pars interarticularis

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21
Q

fracture of pars interarticularis

A

scottie dog neck –> vertebral slippage

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22
Q

hip vs shoulder - which is true ball and socket

A

hip.

shoulder sacrifices stability for mobility (30% contact of glenoid + labrum which increases contact area)

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23
Q

rotator cuff muscles

A 
supraspinatous
infraspinatous
teres minor
subscapularis 
SITS
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24
Q

reason for rotator cuff force

A

sit close to joint surface

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25
Q

which way do rotator cuff muscles steer?

A

infero-medial force

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26
Q

impingement syndrome

A

if the rotator cuff muscles do not counteract the upward force of beach muscles (deltoid, pecs, lats) then supraspinatous and subacromial burse get pinched between humeral head and acromion

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27
Q

how many bones in feet?

A

26

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28
Q

2 arches in foot that act as springs

A 
transverse arch side to side
longitudinal arch (heel to metatarsals
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29
Q

plantar fasciae

A

electrically and physically connected to musculature

when stretched corresponding nerves end signals to fire musculature of the gastroc/soleus to complete gait cycle

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30
Q

degeneration of the plantar fascia where it attaches at calcaneus

A

plantar fasciitis

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31
Q

most ankle sprains occur at

A

ATFL anterior talo-fibular ligament

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32
Q

medial ankle ligament

A

deltoid ligament

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33
Q

if foot is flat, first ligament to get injured is?
if in air plantar flexion?
which is most common?

A

flat - CFL calcaneofibular ligament

air - MOST COMMON - ATFL (ankle unstable)

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34
Q

SYNDESMOSIS of tibia and fibula

A

where the bones join via interosseus ligament

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35
Q

what test to use to check for Achilles rupture?

A

Thompson squeeze

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36
Q

ankle anterior drawer tests for?

A

ATFL integrity

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37
Q

test for CFL integrity?

A

talar tilt/varus stress

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38
Q

most common cause of overuse shoulder pain

A

impingement syndrome

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39
Q

the only bony bridge from the upper extremity to the spine

A

clavicle

40
Q

an inferiorly directed overload force will cause…

A

AC joint disruption (shoulder separation)

41
Q

medially directed overload force will cause…

A

S curve clavicle fracture

42
Q

what allows for the final 10-20 degrees of shoulder abduction and forward flexion?

A

AC joint

43
Q

if there is atrophy in muscles, what is present?

A

a nerve injury!

44
Q

painful arc of impingement

A

at the end of abduction, ac joint becomes maximally compressed and so when hand is raised over head (about 80-130 degrees) there is pain
indicates shoulder impingement

45
Q

squared shoulder indicates

A

anterior glenohumeral dislocation

46
Q

what test is for supraspinatous?

A

empty can strength test

47
Q

what does lift off test test?

A

subscapularis

48
Q

neers test

A

thumb down and passive shoulder flexion

+ = impingement

49
Q

what do impingement tests try to do?

A

greater trochanter is rotated under the acromion to narrow subacromial space

50
Q

two impingement of shoulder tests?

A

neers and hawkins

51
Q

instability shoulder test?

A

apprehension

sensation that shoulder will dislocate or pop out of joint

52
Q

scarf test is for,,,

A

AC joint pain

53
Q

origin of most elbow pain

A

lateral epicondyle

54
Q

what runs through the medial epicondyle?

A

ulnar nerve

55
Q

what bone spans both rows of carpals?

A

scaphoid

56
Q

FOOSH

A

fall on outstretched hand
scaphoid fracture
blood supply for this bone runs distal to proximal so healing could be compromised

57
Q

what two tendons cause dequervains tenosynovitis?

A

abductor policis longus and extensor policis brevis

58
Q

what is the test for dequervains syndrome?

A

finkelstein

59
Q

big bony C with a tough transverse ligament over the top

A

carpal tunnel

60
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

9 flexor tendons AND medial nerve
compact space can get inflamed and irritated
pressure causes median nerve to get irritated and damaged

61
Q

superficial flexor goes to,…

deep flexor goes to…

A

s - middle phalynx

d - distal phalynx

62
Q

what does resisted long finger extension test?

A

lateral epicondylitis

63
Q

lateral elbow triangle is formed by

A

lateral epicondyl, radial head, and olecranon

64
Q

allen test

A

plug ulnar and radial arteries and watch color to return to make sure they are both working

65
Q

two tests for carpal tunnel?

A

phalen maneuver
tinels test
parasthesia or tingling = +

66
Q

which quad spans two joints?

A

rectus femoris

67
Q

hips muscles that span two joints?

A

rectus femoris
sartorius
IT band
hamstrings

68
Q

Fadir

A

flexion adduction and internal rotation

69
Q

what run down the sides of knees and provide side to side stability

A

MCL and LCL

70
Q

what provide knee front to back stability?

A

ACL/PCL

71
Q

___ is always in front and goes lateral to medial

A

ACL (lateral femoral condyle to front of tibia

72
Q

three things excessive rotation of knee can cause

A

meniscus tears
cruciate ligament injurt
patellorfemoral pain

73
Q

overuse (non acute) knee pain is caused by

A

vague pain, increased pain with increased activity, and history of increased physical activity

74
Q

effusion is…

A

fluid INSIDE a joint capsule

75
Q

what is the test for effusion?

A

warm cold warm test and loss of skin dimples

76
Q

knee pain –> chronic, and has effusion

A

meniscus tear
osteo/reactive arthritis
infection
gout

77
Q

knee pain, chronic NO effusion

A

IT band, pes anserine bursa, politeal cyst, patellofemoral syndrome

78
Q

knee, trauma and no effusion

A

collateral ligament or popliteal cyst

79
Q

knee, trauma and effusion

A

fracture, dislocation, ligament injury

80
Q

which horns of menisci are more likely to tear?

A

posterior

81
Q

LCL and MCL - what do they feel like

A

LCL -pencil like
MCL - broad
they never tear in the middle

82
Q

baker cyst

A

popliteal cyst caused by meniscal tear, arthritis, or cartilage damage

83
Q

three muscles at pes anserine

A

sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

84
Q

two tests for menisci

A

mcmurrays and thessaly

85
Q

tests for acl and pcl

A

acl - anterior drawer and lachmans(the most sensitive)

pcl - posterior drawer

86
Q

what does the varus and valgus stress tests check (knee)

A

MCL, LCL

87
Q

4 patellar tests

A

compression
shrug
retropatellar facets
apprehension

88
Q

patellorfemoral sydrome

A

increased pysical activity –> pain and crepitus
anterior knee pain
treat with stretch and strengthening

89
Q

special tests for ankle

A 
talar tilt (CFL)
anterior drawer (ATFL)
thomson squeeze (achilles rupture)
proprioreception (ligaments in tact)
90
Q

knee special tests

A

patellar - compression, retropatellar, apprehension, shrug
meniscal - mcmurrays, thessaly
ligaments - post/ant drawers, lachmans, varus and valgus

91
Q

shoulder special tests

A

neers
hawkins
apprehension

92
Q

elbow special tests

A

resisted long finger

93
Q

wrist and hand special tests

A

allen test
phalen and tinels
finklesteins

94
Q

L spine tests

A

Left and right straight leg raise
FABER
single leg stork

95
Q

C spine special test

A

spurlings

MSK Part 2 (nlg) (9 decks)

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