Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 11 > Physical Milestones And Failure To Thrive > Flashcards

Physical Milestones And Failure To Thrive Flashcards

1
Q

Development is complex and multi-factorial. It can be

A

Physical
Functional
Emotional
Psychological
Social

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Later goals depend on ____________ in the same domain of development

A

Achieving earlier goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What plays a role in development

A

Genetics
Environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 areas of development

A

1) gross motor

2) fine motor and vision

3) hearing, speech and language

4) social skills and behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is used as the standard reference point for assessing development in each area

A

Child development charts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is cephalo-caudal progression

A

In domain 1 of gross motor: babies will develop their gross motor skills from the head down to the toes

So hold their head up first
Learnt to sit
Learn to stand
Learn to walk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What % of children will be able to walk by their 1st birthday

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Examples of actions that involve fine motor and vision

A

Reaching for objects
Transfer object from hand to hand
Building blocks
Radical palmer grab
Mature pincer grab
Scribbling (lines to circles, squares and triangles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

For assessing the hearing, speech and language of a child what do we consider

A

Hearing input - conductive or sensorineural loss

Forming words - muscles and palate

Content of speech = speech areas in the brain and connections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causes of impaired language and speech and hearing

A

Hearing loss
Mechanical issues
Global development problem (delayed milestones)
Environmental deprivation
Autism spectrum disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Examples of things children should be able to from domain 4 (social and behavioural)

A

Smile = 6 week stage
Waving
Peek-a boo
Stranger danger
Pointing
Getting dressed
Toilet training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Psychological needs

A

Security
Role models
Attention
Play
Opportunity to learn from experience
Self respect
Independence
Personal identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Developmental surveillance occurs at 4 key appointments….

A

1) neonatal examination

2) 6-8 week check by GP

3) 1 year old check by healthcare visitor

4) 2-2.5 year old check by healthcare visitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What protocol should be followed for children with suspected developmental delay

A

Full history including pregnancy, birth and neonatal period
Family, medical history
Assess all development
Assess social situation
Check hearing and vision
Look for medical cause if applicable
Ask for MDT assessment
Continue to observe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some developmental red flags

A

Regression (acting in a younger and needier way)
Not fixing or following
Not reacting to noise
Abnormal tone
Early hand preference
No smile at 8 weeks
Not holding objects at 5 months
Not sitting at 12 months
Not walking at 18 months
Not pointing at objects at 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

No smile at _______ weeks is a red flag

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Not holding objects at ________ weeks is a red flag

A

5

18
Q

Not sitting at _________ months is a red flag

A

12

19
Q

Not walking at _______ months is a red flag

A

18

20
Q

Not pointing at objects at ________ years is a red flag

A

2

21
Q

What are some of the causes of developmental problems

A

Genetic syndromes such as trisomy 21

Cerebral malformations, hydrocephalus

Congenital infections

Antenatal insults

Perinatal hypoxia, hypoglycaemia

Postnatal meningitis/trauma and metabolic insults

Deprivation or abuse

22
Q

For growth we assess for serial increases in

A

Weight
Height
Head circumference

23
Q

Growth issues:

A

Weight
Short stature
Tall stature
Microcephaly
Macrocephaly

24
Q

What are the 4 key phases of growth

A

1 foetal growth
2 growth in infancy
3 pre-pubertal growth
4 growth at puberty

25
Q

There is fast growth in the first _____ years then a decline in the rate is observed

A

2
At 2 years child will gain 2kg per annum thereafter

26
Q

Height change is slowest in ___________ stage and accelerates at _________

A

Pre-pubescent

Puberty

27
Q

In week 1 what happens to the weight of the baby

A

Loses 10% of birth weight

28
Q

In week 2 what happens to weight of baby

A

Baby will regain birth weight

29
Q

What happens to baby’s weight in 5-12 weeks

A

Weight doubles

30
Q

What happens to baby’s weight in week 12

A

Baby’s weight would have tripled

31
Q

What factors influence growth

A

Genetic potential

Optimal intra-uterine conditions

Optimal post-natal nutrition

Normal hormonal status

Good health

Good diet

32
Q

What is failure to thrive

A

Not a diagnosis but instead describes suboptimal weight gain in infants and toddlers

First sign is failing to meet growth expectations on charts

Most will lie below the 2nd centile

33
Q

Organic causes (10%) of FTT:

A

Inadequate intake
Inadequate retention (vomiting, GORD
Malabsorption (CMPI cows milk protein intolerance, CF, short gut)
Failure to utilise nutrients - renal/liver disease,
Increased requirements - thyrotoxicosis, CF, chronic conditions and malignancy

34
Q

Non organic causes of FTT

A

Maybe are being abused

Non organic causes are a broad spectrum of psychosocial, environmental, SES deprivation issues

35
Q

What is final common pathway for FTT progression

A

under nutrition

Infants and toddlers have high energy requirements but each child is different with different energy needs

36
Q

If child is short and overweight think….

A

Genetic or endocrine

37
Q

If child is tall and overweight think cause is….

A

Behavioural

38
Q

As BMI can’t be used for children what is used instead

A

RCPCH growth charts

39
Q

Height velocity (cm gained per year) is influenced by

A

Genetics
Constitution slow growers and developers
Nutrition
Chronic illness
Emotional deprivation
Endocrine - various but rare cause in children

40
Q

Short stature may be caused by which medical conditions

A

Growth hormone deficiency
Panhypopituitarism
Hypothyroidism
Steroid excess
Skeletal dysplasias (abnormal development of baby’s bones, joints and cartilage)
Chromosomal disorders
Achondroplasia ( ossification of long bones can’t occur) so short limbs

Mostly genetic though

41
Q

Most common cause of short stature

A

Constitutional growth delay

Block 11 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions