Child Health - Patterns And Inequalities

Question 1

Inequalities in child health outcomes for which groups of people

Answer 1

Living in deprived areas

Certain ethnic groups

Vulnerable groups

Question 2

When is child mortality highest

Answer 2

In infancy

Question 3

`how are the determinants of child health linked to the social determinants of health

Answer 3

Multiple disadvantages over lifetime increases rhe risk of poor health

Income, where we liver, our housing, environment, education, occupation and family all contribute to our health

Question 4

Risk factors for ill child health

Answer 4

Child poverty (later affects adulthood through education attainment)

Children in care = poorer mental and physical health

Young carers = poorer mental health

Young people in custody

Childhood exposure to violence = increased harmful behaviours in future obesity and smoking

Question 5

Which condition has greatest number of hospital admissions from those that are most deprived

Answer 5

Asthma

Rate is 2.5 times higher than

Question 6

Trends of obesity in relation to deprivation

Answer 6

Childhood obesity has increased over the last decades witih almost 40% of Year 6 children now overweight or obese
Children living in the most deprived areas are more than twice as likely to be obese than those in the least deprived areas and this gap continues to widen
Children of obese parents are more likely to be obese themselves than children whose parents are not overweight or obese
Obese children are more likely to remain obese in adulthood

Question 7

How has what children die from changed over time

Answer 7

Before used to be infectious disease

Now is cancer, non communicable diseases and external such as drug misuse, suicide and self harm

Question 8

In young children what is the leading cause of death

Answer 8

Cancer

Question 9

What is leading cause of preventable death in children under 5

Answer 9

Unintentional injuries in and around the house

Question 10

What was the leading cause of death in 1940s

Answer 10

Motor vehicle accidents

Question 11

Although infant mortality has been decreasing it has now….

Answer 11

Stalled

Most Eu countries have lower rates of death than uk

Question 12

Which ethnic background is more likely to experience greater mortality in children

Answer 12

Black = highest
Then Asian

Mortality rate in most deprived was double compared to least deprived

Question 13

Yorkshire mortality higher than England avg as a whole

Question 14

What interventions can be carried in pregnancy

Answer 14

Smoking prevention

White mothers 8x more likely to smoke than Asian mothers

Mothers from deprived areas 5x more likely to smoke

Question 15

Interventions such as increasing breastfeeding would result in beneficial impacts

Answer 15

Moderate increases would translate to significant cost savings for the NHS (reduced infections and obesity)

Older mothers are more likely to breastfeed

Whitemothers less likely to breastfeed

More deprived women 1.5x more likely to breastfeed

Question 16

Why does childhood obesity need to be tackled

Answer 16

Have poor psychological and emotional health

Twice as likely yo become adults with obesity and have higher risk for morbidity, disability and premature mortality

Question 17

How does deprivation influence childhood obesity

Answer 17

Children in reception twice more likely to be obese than children in least deprived areas

Children in year 6 in most deprived areas more than twice as likely to be obese than more those in least deprived areas

Question 18

How much did the NHS spend in 2015 on obesity related ill health

Answer 18

6.1 billion

Question 19

Which group of people is more likely to attend A+E

Answer 19

Children under 5 in most deprived areas 1.5 times more likely to attend A+E than those from the least deprived area

Question 20

What has happened to early years and pre-school immunisation

Answer 20

Immunisation coverage has been falling recently and is rarely reaching herd immunity levels