Physical Landscapes Topic

Question 1

Abrasion

Answer 1

When sediment gets flung off a cliff by strong waves.

Question 2

Attrition

Answer 2

When erosion is caused my rocks being crushed together making smaller pieces.

Question 3

Chemical Weathering

Answer 3

The rotting of rock caused by chemicals which is found in sea water

Question 4

Deposition

Answer 4

It happens when material transported by the sea is dropped because of energy lass in the sea

Question 5

Headlands and Bays

Answer 5

A rocky coastal headland made of rock which is resistant to erosion, these headlands are between bays of less resistant rock.

Question 6

Longshore Drift

Answer 6

It is the zig zag movement of sediment along a shore caused by waves going up the beach and returning back.

Question 7

Mechanical Weathering

Answer 7

Weathering process which causes physical energy loss without any change of chemical composition of the rocks

Question 8

Stack

Answer 8

Fast movement of mass which invlolves a part of a cliff moving down slope.

Question 9

Wave cut Platform

Answer 9

a rocky area around sea level representing old cliffs.

Question 10

Arch

Answer 10

a wave eroded passage through a small headland. This begins as a cave formed in the headland, which is gradually widened and deepened until it cuts through.

Question 11

Cave

Answer 11

a large hole in the cliff caused by waves forcing their way into cracks in the cliff face.

Question 12

Cliff

Answer 12

a steep high rock face formed by weathering and erosion along the coastline

Question 13

Erosion

Answer 13

The wearing away and removal of material by a moving force, such as a breaking wave

Question 14

Hydraulic power

Answer 14

The process by which breaking waves compress pockets of air in cracks in a cliff. The pressure may cause the crack to widen breaking off rock.

Question 15

Mass Movement

Answer 15

The downhill movement of weathered material under the force of gravity. The speed can vary considerably.

Question 16

Slumping

Answer 16

Rapid mass movement which involves a whole segment of the cliff moving down-slope along a saturated shear-plane or line of weakness

Question 17

transportation

Answer 17

The movement of eroded material

Question 18

Waves

Answer 18

Ripples in the sea caused by the transfer of energy from the wind blowing over the surface of the sea

Question 19

Types of Hard Engineering

Answer 19

Sea Wall, Groynes, Rock Armour. EXPENSIVE

Question 20

Types of Soft Engineering

Answer 20

Beach Nourishment, Dune Regeneration, Marsh Creation.NATURAL

Question 21

Sea wall

Answer 21

hard engineering, rock barrier at foot of cliffs, curved surface to reflect waves, costs 10 million, stops waves, walkway which attracts people. looks unnatural high maintenance.

Question 22

Groynes

Answer 22

Hard engineering, timber structure out at sea trap sediment and broaden the beach reduces wave attack, 5000, nigger beach, fishing, not too expensive, unnatural, more erosion

Question 23

Rock Armour

Answer 23

large boulders waves break, 1000-4000, cheap, interesting, expensive, hurts geology

Question 24

Beach Nourishment

Answer 24

Soft engineering, addition of sand to a beach, make it broader 3000, cheap blends in increases tourism, maintenance.

Question 25

Dune regeneration

Answer 25

sand dunes are barriers to the sea, 2000 cheap, time--consuming to plants marram, people dont like no access to places, can be damaged easily

Question 26

Marsh creation

Answer 26

lets low lying coastal areas flood by the seas to become salt marshes, cheap needed habitat for wildlife, flood, farming

Question 27

basin size

Answer 27

small-rapid water transfer, large-slow water transfer

Question 28

drainage density

Answer 28

high density-speeds up water transfer, low density-slows down water transfer

Question 29

rock type

Answer 29

impermeable rocks- rapid flow permeable- slow flow

Question 30

land use

Answer 30

urbanisation- rapid water forests- slow water

Question 31

Freeze- thaw weathering

Answer 31

when water goes through cracks and then freezes, then expands the rock more water then enters the crack

Question 32

Confluence

Answer 32

rocks carried along a river wear down river banks

Question 33

Saltation

Answer 33

a hopping movement of pebbles along a river or sea bed

Question 34

Levee

Answer 34

a raised bank that is on either side of a river which is formed by flooding

Question 35

thalweg

Answer 35

line of fastest flow

Question 36

river restoration

Answer 36

return a river to its natural form

Question 37

drainage basin

Answer 37

it is an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries

Question 38

source

Answer 38

the start of a river

Question 39

mouth

Answer 39

the end of a river where a river joins the sea

Question 40

tributary

Answer 40

a small stream that joins a large river

Question 41

watershed

Answer 41

the edge of a river basin

Question 42

discharge

Answer 42

water that passes a given point on a stream or river bank in a certain amount of time

Question 43

long profile

Answer 43

shows gradient of a river as it goes from source to mouth

Question 44

meander

Answer 44

a bend in rivers course

Question 45

floodplain

Answer 45

the flat land surrounding a river that is covered in water

Question 46

delta

Answer 46

l

Question 47

delta

Answer 47

land formed at a river of a mouth

Question 48

fetch

Answer 48

the distance the wind blows across the water

Question 49

backwash

Answer 49

runs forwards sea,

Question 50

swash

Answer 50

rushes up the beach

Question 51

banbury-

Answer 51

1998-12.5 million 150 homes affected 2007-similar to 1998 but worse

Question 52

BB- embankment/floodwalls/pumping station

Answer 52

ECO-2.9km parallel to M40 for flood storage built around buissness pumps excess water back into the channel below town

Question 53

BB- raising A361

Answer 53

SOC- avoids roads being flooded

Question 54

BB-Biodiversity

Answer 54

ENV- new habitats 100,000 tonnes of earth extracted

Question 55

BB improvment

Answer 55

ECO- cost 18.5 million- protected 441 homes, 73 buissnesses which were worth 100 SOC-raishing