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Geography > Physical Landscapes Topic > Flashcards

Physical Landscapes Topic Flashcards

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1
Q

Abrasion

A

When sediment gets flung off a cliff by strong waves.

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2
Q

Attrition

A

When erosion is caused my rocks being crushed together making smaller pieces.

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3
Q

Chemical Weathering

A

The rotting of rock caused by chemicals which is found in sea water

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4
Q

Deposition

A

It happens when material transported by the sea is dropped because of energy lass in the sea

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5
Q

Headlands and Bays

A

A rocky coastal headland made of rock which is resistant to erosion, these headlands are between bays of less resistant rock.

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6
Q

Longshore Drift

A

It is the zig zag movement of sediment along a shore caused by waves going up the beach and returning back.

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7
Q

Mechanical Weathering

A

Weathering process which causes physical energy loss without any change of chemical composition of the rocks

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8
Q

Stack

A

Fast movement of mass which invlolves a part of a cliff moving down slope.

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9
Q

Wave cut Platform

A

a rocky area around sea level representing old cliffs.

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10
Q

Arch

A

a wave eroded passage through a small headland. This begins as a cave formed in the headland, which is gradually widened and deepened until it cuts through.

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11
Q

Cave

A

a large hole in the cliff caused by waves forcing their way into cracks in the cliff face.

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12
Q

Cliff

A

a steep high rock face formed by weathering and erosion along the coastline

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13
Q

Erosion

A

The wearing away and removal of material by a moving force, such as a breaking wave

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14
Q

Hydraulic power

A

The process by which breaking waves compress pockets of air in cracks in a cliff. The pressure may cause the crack to widen breaking off rock.

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15
Q

Mass Movement

A

The downhill movement of weathered material under the force of gravity. The speed can vary considerably.

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16
Q

Slumping

A

Rapid mass movement which involves a whole segment of the cliff moving down-slope along a saturated shear-plane or line of weakness

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17
Q

transportation

A

The movement of eroded material

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18
Q

Waves

A

Ripples in the sea caused by the transfer of energy from the wind blowing over the surface of the sea

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19
Q

Types of Hard Engineering

A

Sea Wall, Groynes, Rock Armour. EXPENSIVE

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20
Q

Types of Soft Engineering

A

Beach Nourishment, Dune Regeneration, Marsh Creation.NATURAL

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21
Q

Sea wall

A

hard engineering, rock barrier at foot of cliffs, curved surface to reflect waves, costs 10 million, stops waves, walkway which attracts people. looks unnatural high maintenance.

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22
Q

Groynes

A

Hard engineering, timber structure out at sea trap sediment and broaden the beach reduces wave attack, 5000, nigger beach, fishing, not too expensive, unnatural, more erosion

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23
Q

Rock Armour

A

large boulders waves break, 1000-4000, cheap, interesting, expensive, hurts geology

24
Q

Beach Nourishment

A

Soft engineering, addition of sand to a beach, make it broader 3000, cheap blends in increases tourism, maintenance.

25
Q

Dune regeneration

A

sand dunes are barriers to the sea, 2000 cheap, time–consuming to plants marram, people dont like no access to places, can be damaged easily

26
Q

Marsh creation

A

lets low lying coastal areas flood by the seas to become salt marshes, cheap needed habitat for wildlife, flood, farming

27
Q

basin size

A

small-rapid water transfer, large-slow water transfer

28
Q

drainage density

A

high density-speeds up water transfer, low density-slows down water transfer

29
Q

rock type

A

impermeable rocks- rapid flow permeable- slow flow

30
Q

land use

A

urbanisation- rapid water forests- slow water

31
Q

Freeze- thaw weathering

A

when water goes through cracks and then freezes, then expands the rock more water then enters the crack

32
Q

Confluence

A

rocks carried along a river wear down river banks

33
Q

Saltation

A

a hopping movement of pebbles along a river or sea bed

34
Q

Levee

A

a raised bank that is on either side of a river which is formed by flooding

35
Q

thalweg

A

line of fastest flow

36
Q

river restoration

A

return a river to its natural form

37
Q

drainage basin

A

it is an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries

38
Q

source

A

the start of a river

39
Q

mouth

A

the end of a river where a river joins the sea

40
Q

tributary

A

a small stream that joins a large river

41
Q

watershed

A

the edge of a river basin

42
Q

discharge

A

water that passes a given point on a stream or river bank in a certain amount of time

43
Q

long profile

A

shows gradient of a river as it goes from source to mouth

44
Q

meander

A

a bend in rivers course

45
Q

floodplain

A

the flat land surrounding a river that is covered in water

46
Q

delta

A

l

47
Q

delta

A

land formed at a river of a mouth

48
Q

fetch

A

the distance the wind blows across the water

49
Q

backwash

A

runs forwards sea,

50
Q

swash

A

rushes up the beach

51
Q

banbury-

A

1998-12.5 million 150 homes affected 2007-similar to 1998 but worse

52
Q

BB- embankment/floodwalls/pumping station

A

ECO-2.9km parallel to M40 for flood storage
built around buissness
pumps excess water back into the channel below town

53
Q

BB- raising A361

A

SOC- avoids roads being flooded

54
Q

BB-Biodiversity

A

ENV- new habitats 100,000 tonnes of earth extracted

55
Q

BB improvment

A

ECO- cost 18.5 million- protected 441 homes, 73 buissnesses which were worth 100
SOC-raishing

Geography (3 decks)

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