Module 4- Development indiacators Flashcards
GDP-ECO
Total amount of foods and services
Poverty Line-ECO
minimum level of a satisfying income in a given country. It is hight in HIC’s and lower in LIC’s.
Debt: GPP Ratio-ECO
The amount of money that is spent paying off debts owed to other countries in a % of a county’s GDP.
Literacy Rate -SOC
% who can read/write a simple sentance
Dependency Ratio-SOC
Less than 15 and older than 65 divided by 16 - 64.
Infant Mortality-SOC
The number of children per 1000 live births who die before their first birthday
Maternal Mortality-SOC
Number of mothers id 1000 births who die whilst pregnant or through child birth.
Life Expectancy-SOC
The average number of years a person can expect to live
Undernourished/Being Underfed-SOC
Not getting enough food or not the correct nutrients
Quality of Healthcare-SOC
The number of doctors per 1000 people
Birth Care-SOC
The number of births per 1000 people
Death Rate-SOC
The number of deaths per 1000 people.
Fertility Rate-SOC
The average number of deaths per woman
Access to Safe Drinking Water
% of access to clean water
Political Freedom
Measures political rights and civil liberties, including the freedom of elections, the number of people voting, freedom of speech etc.
PPP
Purchasing, power parity
Birth Rate-good
Good, as a country develops, women are more likely to be educated, marry better and have fewer children
Death Rate-bad
Bad, as developed countries tend to have older populations, so death rate are high. LIC’s have younger population.
Infant Mortality- Very Good
Good, as it is a measure of a country’s heath care system.
Doctors per 1000- good
Good, shows us how wealthy a country is to invest in medical training.
Literacy Rate- Good
Good, shows us level of investment in education
Access to clean water- good
Good, shows us level of investment in infrastructure, dams, reservoirs, treatment plants… wells etc.
Problem with Indicators
- single indicators can give false impression on a countries average
- data can be out of date, hard to count, not count informal sectors
- corruption
- quality of life is not equal to standard of living
informal sector
sector which doesn’t pay tax
GNI
gross national income
What is GNI?
Measurement of economic activity, total value of goods and services produced by a country
How is GNI calculated?
dividing the gross(total) nationals income by the size of population
HDI
human development index
What is HDI?
Shows how far development helps the people
How is HDI calculated?
- life expectancy
- number of years of education
- GNI per capita
MINT
Malasia, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey
NEE
Newly Emerging Economies
BRIC
Brazil, Russia, India, China
Stage 1
high stationary
Stage 1-DR/BR- what does this mean/ examples
high+fluctuating- population is stable- Malaysia+Indonesia
Stage 2
early expanding
Stage 2-DR
decreases
Stage 2-BR-what does this mean/ examples
high- population grows rapidly- Afghanistan
Stage 3
late expanding
Stage 3-DR/BR-what does this mean/ examples
decreases rapidly- population is growing, but slows down at the end of this stage-Nigeria
Stage 4
low stationary
Stage 4-DR/BR-what does this mean/ examples
low- stable population-USA
Stage 5
declining
Stage 5-DR
increases slightly because of ageing population
Stage 5- BR-what does this mean/ examples
low- decrease in population-Germany
Stages- why?
- Urbanisation
- Changes to farming methods
- Education and Women
Stage 1- examples-Indonesia Brazil Malaysia
- small groups of people,
- high birth and death rates
Stage 2- examples-Afghanistan
- poorest and least developed country,
- birth rate- 39 per 1000 death rate- 14 per 1000,
- 80% farmers-need help
Stage 3-examples- Nigeria
- NEE
- death rate is smaller than birth rate
- population is growing
- death rate-13 per 1000 birth rate- 38 per 1000
Stage 4- examples- USA
- most developed
- death rate- 8 per 1000 birth rate- 13 per 1000
- population growing due to immigration
Stage 5- examples- Germany
- population decline
- birth rate- 2.2 per 1000- lowest
- death rate- 11.2 per 1000-still rising
NI
natural increase- br - dr
Stage 1 + 2 reason for change in br
many children needed for farming, many children die at early age, no family planning
Stage 1 reason for change in dr
disease, children die early on
Stage 2 + 3 reason for change in dr
improvements in medical care, water supply, fewer children die
Stage 3 reason for change in br
improved medical and diet, fewer children needed
Stage 4 + 5 reason for change in br
family planning, good health, later marriages
Stage 4 + 5 reason for change in dr
good health care, reliable food supply
Causes of uneven development-physical
LANDLOCK
- Africa
- no access to water around
- cut off from trade
Causes of uneven development-physical
CLIMATE
- climate related diseases
- population gets affected
- tropical africa, asia
Causes of uneven development-physical
EXTREME WEATHER
- cyclones, floods, droughts
- slow development and it can be costly to repair
Causes of uneven development-physical
LACK OF SAFE WATER
-barrier to economic development
Causes of uneven development-economic
POVERTY
- poverty causes poverty
- low life expectancy
- frequent illness
- lack of nutritious diet
Causes of uneven development-economic
TRADE
- North America + Europe dominate world trade
- Rich countries
Causes of uneven development-economic
POWER
- LIC’s less pay than MIC’s
- value goes to richer countries
- rich countries–more
- poor countries–less
Causes of uneven development-economic
DEBT
- LIC’s export primary products like minerals
- Manufacture is 80% of exports-LIC’s do this
- Countries export more than import-others have debt defects— this is known as debt trap
Causes of uneven development-historical
COLONIALISM
- 1400, European explorers seek wealth
- 1650 -1900 10 million ppl went from Africa to America to work as slaves
- wealth went to European powers
- end of 1800, Africa + South America + Asia divided up between European powers
- UK, Germany, Spain had powerful colonies
- since 1950 these colonies gained independence
- this was hard because of the government was corrupt
- this held back development
