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Geography Paper 1 > Physical Landscapes > Flashcards

Physical Landscapes Flashcards

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1
Q

3 Strategies for River Cherwell River Management

A

Water Meadow (soft)
Embankments (hard)
Pumping Station (hard)

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2
Q

3 Strategies for Lime Regis Coastal Management

A

Beach Nourishment (soft)
Rock Armour (hard)
Sea Wall (hard)

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3
Q

Formation of a Meander

A

Erosion on outside of meander due to fast, deep waters
Deposition on inside of meander due to slow, shallow waters

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4
Q

Formation of a Wave-Cut Platform

A

A wave cut notch created from erosion between high and low tide
Cliff above notch collapses and retreats
A wave-cut platform is created which is visible at low tide

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5
Q

Formation of a Spit

A

Prevailing wind causes longshore drift
There is a change in coastline direction
Material builds up, gets taller and creates a spit
If a spit cuts across to form a lagoon it is called a bar

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6
Q

4 Processes of Erosion

A

Hydraulic Action
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution

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7
Q

4 Processes of Transport

A

Traction
Saltation
Suspension
Solution

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8
Q

3 Processes of Weathering

A

Biological - Animal / Plants
Chemical - Weak rain acids
Mechanical - Freeze / Thaw

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9
Q

4 Processes of Mass Movement

A

Rockfall (hard)
Landslide (hard)
Rotational Slip (soft)
Mudflow (soft)

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10
Q

Upper Course Landforms

A

Interlocking Spurs
V-Shaped Valley
Waterfall

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11
Q

Middle Course Landforms

A

Oxbow Lake
Meander
Slip-off Slope / River Cliff

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12
Q

Lower Course Landforms

A

Flood Plain
Estuary
Levees

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13
Q

5 Features of a Drainage Basin

A

Source
Mouth
Tributaries
Watershed
Confluence

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14
Q

Formation of a Waterfall and Gorge

A

Water flows over hard rock and soft rock
Erosion causes soft rock to erode faster
Hard rock ledge is created
Unsupported ledge collapses
Waterfall retreats to form a gorge

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15
Q

Biological Weathering is …

A

Material broken down by plant roots growing / animals digging

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16
Q

Chemical Weathering is …

A

Material broken down by weak acids in rain or water

17
Q

A landslide is …
Rotational slip is …

A

Angular rocks breaking and falling down a cliff
Water lubricates soil and moves down as large mass at once, creating a step / terrace shape

18
Q

3 Hard Engineering Strategies for River Flooding

A

Dam - concrete wall to control river flow
Embankmets - banks are raised to stop overflowing
Pumping Station - speeds up the flow of water

19
Q

2 Soft Engineering Strategies for River Flooding

A

Plant trees - increase interception
Water Meadow - low value land allowed to flood

20
Q

3 Hard Engineering Strategies for Coastal Erosion

A

Rock Armour - large rocks absorb wave energy
Sea Wall - stops erosion and absorbs wave energy
Groynes - wooden walls absorb wave energy

21
Q

2 Soft Engineering Strategies for Coastal Erosion

A

Beach Nourishment - sand added to absorb wave energy
Managed Retreat - low value land allowed to erode

22
Q

Evaluate a Water Meadow for River Flooding

A

It allows for natural processes, creates habitats and is practically free

23
Q

Evaluate a Sea Wall

A

STOPS erosion, long lasting and most-effective
Very costly and looks unnatural

24
Q

Evaluate Beach Nourishment

A

Looks natural whilst good for tourists and absorbing wave energy
Not long-lasting and needs to be used with other strategies

25
Q

3 Things that affect the power of a wave

A

Wind, time that wind has blown on sea and distance wave has travelled

26
Q

5 Features of a Constructive Wave

A

Low wave energy, low wave crest, long wave length, more powerful swash and less powerful backwash
ON A WIDE / SANDY SLOPE

27
Q

5 Features of a Destructive Wave

A

High wave energy, high wave crest, short wave length, less powerful swash and more powerful backwash
ON A NARROW / STEEP SLOPE

28
Q

Lag time is …

A

The time between peak rainfall and peak discharge
Short lag time means higher risk of flooding

29
Q

Peak discharge is …

A

When the water level is highest
High peak discharge means higher risk of flooding

30
Q

2 Human Factors that shorten lag time

A

Deforestation
Urbanisation - building in flood plain

31
Q

3 Physical Factors that shorten lag time

A

Impermeable Rocks
Steep Slopes
Saturated Soil (hard or dry)

Geography Paper 1 (5 decks)

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