Physical Landscapes Flashcards
3 Strategies for River Cherwell River Management
Water Meadow (soft)
Embankments (hard)
Pumping Station (hard)
3 Strategies for Lime Regis Coastal Management
Beach Nourishment (soft)
Rock Armour (hard)
Sea Wall (hard)
Formation of a Meander
Erosion on outside of meander due to fast, deep waters
Deposition on inside of meander due to slow, shallow waters
Formation of a Wave-Cut Platform
A wave cut notch created from erosion between high and low tide
Cliff above notch collapses and retreats
A wave-cut platform is created which is visible at low tide
Formation of a Spit
Prevailing wind causes longshore drift
There is a change in coastline direction
Material builds up, gets taller and creates a spit
If a spit cuts across to form a lagoon it is called a bar
4 Processes of Erosion
Hydraulic Action
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution
4 Processes of Transport
Traction
Saltation
Suspension
Solution
3 Processes of Weathering
Biological - Animal / Plants
Chemical - Weak rain acids
Mechanical - Freeze / Thaw
4 Processes of Mass Movement
Rockfall (hard)
Landslide (hard)
Rotational Slip (soft)
Mudflow (soft)
Upper Course Landforms
Interlocking Spurs
V-Shaped Valley
Waterfall
Middle Course Landforms
Oxbow Lake
Meander
Slip-off Slope / River Cliff
Lower Course Landforms
Flood Plain
Estuary
Levees
5 Features of a Drainage Basin
Source
Mouth
Tributaries
Watershed
Confluence
Formation of a Waterfall and Gorge
Water flows over hard rock and soft rock
Erosion causes soft rock to erode faster
Hard rock ledge is created
Unsupported ledge collapses
Waterfall retreats to form a gorge
Biological Weathering is …
Material broken down by plant roots growing / animals digging
Chemical Weathering is …
Material broken down by weak acids in rain or water
A landslide is …
Rotational slip is …
Angular rocks breaking and falling down a cliff
Water lubricates soil and moves down as large mass at once, creating a step / terrace shape
3 Hard Engineering Strategies for River Flooding
Dam - concrete wall to control river flow
Embankmets - banks are raised to stop overflowing
Pumping Station - speeds up the flow of water
2 Soft Engineering Strategies for River Flooding
Plant trees - increase interception
Water Meadow - low value land allowed to flood
3 Hard Engineering Strategies for Coastal Erosion
Rock Armour - large rocks absorb wave energy
Sea Wall - stops erosion and absorbs wave energy
Groynes - wooden walls absorb wave energy
2 Soft Engineering Strategies for Coastal Erosion
Beach Nourishment - sand added to absorb wave energy
Managed Retreat - low value land allowed to erode
Evaluate a Water Meadow for River Flooding
It allows for natural processes, creates habitats and is practically free
Evaluate a Sea Wall
STOPS erosion, long lasting and most-effective
Very costly and looks unnatural
Evaluate Beach Nourishment
Looks natural whilst good for tourists and absorbing wave energy
Not long-lasting and needs to be used with other strategies
