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Radiology > Physical Injury and Internal Derangement > Flashcards

Physical Injury and Internal Derangement Flashcards

1
Q

Wedge-shaped fragment from a long bone at the apex of the injury

A

Butterfly fragment

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2
Q

MOI of a Torus fracture

A

Axial loading of a long bone

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3
Q

Infraction of the 2nd MTP head is known as

A

Freiberg

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4
Q

Demographics of a patient that is a victim of child abuse

A

1-4 YO in low socioeconomic houses and single mothers

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5
Q

Extra-osseous manifestations of child abuse

A

Skin and mucosal lesions, myositis, malnutrition, retinal detachment, GI injuries, subdural hematoma

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6
Q

Main 5 Salter-Harris fractures

A 
Type 1: Physis i.e slippage
Type 2: Metaphysis
Type 3: Epiphysis
Type 4: Meta and Epiphysis
Type 5: Crushed physis
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7
Q

What is the MC Salter Harris fracture

A

Type 2 in 73% followed by Type 4 (12%)

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8
Q

What are the extra 4 types of Salter Harris fractures

A

Type 6: Perichondral ring injury
Type 7: Intra-epiphysial Fx without physeal injury
Type 8: Metaphyseal Fx without physeal injury
Type 9: Periosteal injury

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9
Q

Describe a triplanar Fx in terms of Salter-Harris

A

Truly a SH 4, but SH2 on lateral view and SH3 on AP

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10
Q

MC location and age of Spontaneous Insufficiency Fracture of the Knee

A

MFC (6 O’clock) and in 55+YO

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11
Q

Stress fracture sites from prolonged standing

A

Sesamoids of metatarsal bones, metatarsal shafts, calcaneus

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12
Q

Stress fracture sites from long distance running

A

Navicular, mid-tibia, distal fibula, femoral shaft/neck,

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13
Q

What are the 3 stages of fracture repair

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Reparative
  3. Remodeling
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14
Q

What is the upper limit of safe field strength

A

0.0005T = 5 Gauss

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15
Q

Best MR sequence for anatomical evaluation

A

T1WI

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16
Q

Best MR sequence for menisci and Gray-White matter differentiation

A

PD

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17
Q

Best MR sequence for adrenal lesions/ microscopic fat

A

In-Out of phase imaging

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18
Q

Best MR sequence for blood products and is quick

A

Gradient Echos

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19
Q

TR, TE, TI, Flip angle of T1

A

<1000, <30, no TI, 90 degree FA

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20
Q

TR, TE, TI, Flip angle of PD

A

> 1000, <30, no TI, 90 degree FA

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21
Q

TR, TE, TI, Flip angle of T2

A

> 2000, >60, no TI, 90 degree FA

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22
Q

TR, TE, TI, Flip angle of STIR

A

> 2000, >60, 120-150 TI, 90-180 degree FA

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23
Q

What angle does the magic angle phenomenon occur

A

55 degrees

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24
Q

Grading and description of tendon injury

A

Grade 1 - tendon thickening
Grade 2 - Thinning and attenuation
Grade 3 - Rupture with or without retraction

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25
Q

Signal intensity of blood on T1/T2 in Acute, Early subacute, late subacute and chronic stage

A

Acute - low on T1/T2
Early subacute - High T1/Low T2
Late subacute - High T1/T2
Chronic - Low T1/T2

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26
Q

What are the 6 layers of Articular cartilage (Deep to Superficial)

A 
Subchondral bone
Calcified zone
Tidemark zone
Radial zone
Transitional zone
Superficial zone
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27
Q

Demographics of osteochondral fractures

A

M>F, 15-25 YO

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28
Q

Grades of a osteochondral fracture

A

1 - Collapse
2 - Partial separation
3 - In-situ, complete separation
4 - Floating in the joint space

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29
Q

Levine and Edward’s classification is used for what fracture

A

Hangman fracture

Based on displacement and facet dislocation

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30
Q

MC location of a compression fracture

A

T10

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31
Q

Are compression fx above T7 common?

A

Uncommon, should be treated as pathological until proven otherwise

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32
Q

MC location of a Chance/Seatbelt fracture

A

L1 and L2

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33
Q

What injuries should be ruled out with a chance fracture

A

Intra-abdominal injuries (duodenum, pancreas and spleen lacerations)

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34
Q

MC location of an extension teardrop fracture

A

C2

35
Q

MC location of a flexion tear drop fracture

A

C5

36
Q

Ossification of the vertebral ring apophysis starts and ends at what age

A

Starts at 6 and ends between 18-25 YO

37
Q

What are the types of odontoid fractures and the MC type

A

Type 1 : tip of the dens
Type 2: Waist of the dens (MC)
Type 3: Base of the dens

38
Q

What are the 5 types of spondylolisthesis

A 
Dysplastic
Isthmic (MC)
Degenerative (MC)
Traumatic
pathologic
39
Q

Describe a Malgaigne Fx

A

IPSI superior and inferior pubic rami and IPSI SI/iliac/Sacral fx

40
Q

Describe a Bucket-handle Fx

A

IPSI superior and inferior pubic rami fx and CONTRA SI/Iliac/Sacral Fx

41
Q

MOI and Describe a Straddle Fx

A

MOI: Direct cephalic force.

Bilateral fracture of the superior and inferior pubic rami

42
Q

Complication of a Straddle fx

A

Bladder and urethral rupture

43
Q

Describe a sprung pelvis

A

Pubic and SI diastasis with(out) fractures

44
Q

Anterior hip dislocations are related to what sporting injury

A

Alpine skiing injury

45
Q

Classification system used for Hip dislocations with femoral head fx

A 
Pipkin Classification
Pipkin 1: fx below fovea cap
Pipkin 2: fx above fovea cap
Pipkin 3: Fx of femoral head and neck
Pipkin 4: Fx of femoral head and posteriosuperior acetabular rim
46
Q

Hip dislocation demographics

A

<40 MVA
>65 Secondary to fall
M>F

47
Q

Classification system for femoral neck fractures

A

Garden Classification
Garden 1: Incomplete fracture
Garden 2: Complete fx w/o displacement
Garden 3: Complete fx w/ mild varus displacement
Garden 4: Complete with significant displacement

48
Q

Age group for trochanteric and intertrochanteric fx

A

> 65 YO

49
Q

What does the iliopectineal and ilioischial line define

A 
Iliopectineal = Anterior column
Ilioischial = Posterior column
50
Q

Acetabular fracture classification

A

Judet-Letournel classification

  • 5 simple types (anterior, posterior columns, posterior wall/rim (common), anterior wall
  • 5 Combo (transverse with posterior wall, posterior column and wall, T-shaped, both columns, anterior with posterior hemi-transverse frx)
51
Q

List stable pelvic fractures

A

Iliac wing (Duverney fracture), transverse sacral/coccyx fx, straddle fx and isolated pubic rami fx

52
Q

Unstable pelvic ring fx described as …

A

Widening of the anterior and posterior SIJ (i.e anterior and posterior ligament disruption)

53
Q

MOI of pelvic ring (hint 3 kinds)

A

Anterior-Posterior compression,

Lateral compression, and vertical shear

54
Q

MC location of an intracapsular femoral fracture

A

Subcapital

55
Q

Fx of the lateral malleolus extending proximally

A

Pott’s fx

56
Q

Ankle fracture classification

A

Weber or Lauge-Hansen

57
Q

MC and 2nd MC tarsal bone fx

A

Calcaneal and talus

58
Q

Lateral process of the talus fx is called?

A

Snowboarder fx

59
Q

Nutcracker fx

A

Cuboid fx from compressive forces

60
Q

Describe Sinding-Larsen-Johansson

A

Fx of the lower patellar pole

61
Q

Describe Maisonneuve fx

A

Proximal third fibular fx

62
Q

Radiographic evidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)

A

Increased acetabular angle/ shallow acetabulum
Small capital femoral epiphysis
Lateral and superior displacement of the proximal femur

63
Q

What is Shenton’s curve

A

Smooth, curved line connecting the medial border of the femoral metaphysis and superior border of the obturator foramen

64
Q

What is Hilgenreiner line

A

Horizontal line through the triradiate cartilage of the acetabulum
-Capital femoral epiphysis shoulder be below

65
Q

What is Perkin line

A

Vertical line from the lateral margin of the ossified acetabular roof
-Capital femoral epiphysis shoulder be medial

66
Q

How to draw acetabular angle and normal measurement

A

Acetabular line is drawn from triradiate cartilage to lateral ossified acetabular roof and the angle is draw against Hilgenreiner’s lines
- normal is between 33 - 38 degrees

67
Q

Name common labral variants

A

Posterior inferior sub-labral sulcus, anterosuperior cleft, transverse ligament-labral junction sulcus and hypertrophied labrum

68
Q

Demographics for labral tears

A

25-50 YO

Younger with torsional athletic injury, older is more degenerative

69
Q

What is a Morel-Lavallee lesion

A

Post-traumatic fluid collection the dissects a fascial plane. Can contain hemorrhagic
and infectious material

70
Q

Classification system for femoral avascular necrosis

A

Ficat and Arlet Classification
Stage 0 - No clinica or radiographic, double line on MR
Stage 1 - Normal XR, T1 single line and double line on FSPD
Stage 2 - Xr with sclerosis and osteopenia, reactive bone marrow edema
Stage 3 - Xr shows asphericity, collapse, sclerosis
Stage 4 - Further collapse of articular cartilage and jt space narrowing

71
Q

AVN of the femoral head in an adult is called

A

Chandler disease

72
Q

AVN of the femoral head in a child is called

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes

73
Q

AVN of the medial epicondyle of the humerus

A

Adam disease

74
Q

AVN of the medial malleolus

A

Breck Disease

75
Q

AVN of the talus

A

Diaz disease

76
Q

AVN lunate carpal

A

Keinbock disease

77
Q

AVN of the tarsal navicular

A

Kohler or Meuller-Weiss Syndrome

78
Q

AVN of the tibial tubercle

A

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

79
Q

AVN of the humeral capitellum

A

Panner disease

80
Q

AVN of the ring epiphysis of the spine

A

Scheuermann disease

81
Q

AVN of the calcaneus

A

Sever disease

82
Q

Demographics of transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH)

A

M>F 40-55YO and women in 3rd trimester

83
Q

DDx for transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH)

A

Early AVN, stress fx, septic arthritis and RSDS

Radiology (14 decks)

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