Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Motor Development > Physical growth, maturation, and aging > Flashcards

Physical growth, maturation, and aging Flashcards

1
Q

Growth and aging change individual constraints how?

A

genetic and extrinsic factors combine to influence growth and aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

universality

A

patterns that hold for all humans (everyone goes through- crawling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

specificity

A

individual variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

extrinsic factors

A

characteristics that one was not born with

- can have control over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

developmentally appropriate example

A

soccer different for 5 year olds than 18 year olds

  • field smaller
  • goal smaller
  • smaller number of players
  • ball smaller
  • shorter duration
  • reduce number of rules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Important concept of growth and aging change individual constraints

A

educators and therapists can make tasks developmentally appropriate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Prenatal development (before birth)

A

early development is controlled by genes: normal and inherited abnormal development
- embryo or fetus is sensitive to extrinsic factors: positive and negative effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

example of negative extrinsic factor

A

smoke: less 02 to fetus, asthma, LBW (low birth weight- stunts growth)
alcohol: fetal alcohol syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

example of positive extrinsic factor

A

dieting well- healthy baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

embryonic development

A
  • conception to 8 weeks
  • differentiation of cells to form specific tissues and organs
  • limbs formed at 4 weeks
  • human form noticeable at 8 weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Important part of embryonic development

A

at cellular level when they form organs and tissues
1- brain: 1st part, develop reflex in vital organs
2- heart: 2nd part, genetic influenced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

miscarriage

A

brain or heart did not develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Implantation

A
  • uterus wall closes to create a sterile environment

- ovulation: 24 hour period egg to be fertilized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Doctor visit frequency when pregnant

A
  • see doctor at 3 months pregnant, then after each month
  • added 300-350 calories to normal diet
  • 8th month: twice a month
  • 9th month every week
  • 5th month: genetic testing (triple serum test)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

triple serum test

A

measures possibilities of genetic disabilities, taken at 5th month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 birthing phases

A

1- contraction phase

2- pushing phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fetal Development

A
  • 8 weeks to birth
  • continued growth by hyperplasia (cell number) and hypertrophy (cell size)
  • cephalocaudal (head to toe) and proximodistal (near to far): growth
  • plasticity (capability of taking on a new function)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why when baby born clean nose and mouth 1st?

A

1st breath of 02 is the most important

  • lungs are the last to develop
  • test color of embryo sac for 02
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

birth scale

A

+4 – 0 – -4
0- head birth canal
-4: ready to come out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

APGAR

A

test that checks to baby’s skin

  • checks for rate of respiration, temperature, and how well getting 02 by skin
  • score out of a scale of 10
  • 8 or higher is good
  • 7 monitor
  • 6 or less bring in specialist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

infant weigh loss requirement

A
  • no more than 10% of weight lost for baby

- pediatrician appointment a week after to get back at birth weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

fetal nourishment

A
  • 02 and nutrients diffuse between fetal and material blood in placenta
  • poor maternal health status can affect fetus
  • 02 levels really important on prenatal development (dependent on mother or at birth)
  • add 350 calories to normal diet during pregnancy
23
Q
  • abnormal prenatal development
A
  • source can be genetic or exrtinsic

- congenital defects (present at birth) can derive from genetic or extrinsic source

24
Q

acquired

A

born normal, something happened in life to bring out disability

25
Q

can assess the following abnormal prenatal development from genetics?

A

downs syndrome (trisomy 21) and cystic fibrosis

26
Q

genetic causes of abnormal development

A
  • can be dominant disorders (defective gene from one parent) or recessive disorders (defective gene from each parent)
  • result from mutation of gene
  • effects on growth and maturation are variable
27
Q

extrinsic causes of abnormal development

A
  • can affect fetus through nourishment or physical environment
  • teratogens delivered through nourishment systems act as malformation-producing agents
  • some teratogenic effects result from too much of a substance, some from too little
28
Q

extrinsic causes of abnormal development and placenta screens

A
  • placenta screens some substances (large viruses) but not all harmful ones
  • harmful environmental factors: pressure, temperature, X and gamma rays, 02 deficient atmospheres, and pollutants
  • tissues undergoing rapid development at time of exposure are most vulnerable
29
Q

teratogens

A
  • substances that might impact fetal development
  • xrays
  • exercise: continue original lifestyle
  • lack of nutrients could link to autism
30
Q

postnatal development

A
  • overall growth follows sigmoid (s shaped) pattern; how to measure growth
  • timing of spurts and steady periods can vary between individuals (differs between sexes)
31
Q

sigmoid pattern

A
  • plateaus end of puberty
  • height, weight, head circumference
  • when 2 standard deviations away not normal
32
Q

when does peak height occur and when does it taper for a girl?

A
  • peak height velocity occurs at 11.5-12 years

- growth in height tapers off around 14, ends around 16

33
Q

when does peak height occur ad when does it taper for a boy?

A
  • peak height velocity occurs at 13.5-14 years

- growth in height tapers off around 17, ends around 18

34
Q

height

A
  • heavily driven genetic
  • ossification: bone development can depict height
  • avg female: 5’4”
  • avg male: 5’10”
35
Q

weight

A
  • is susceptible to extrinsic factors, especially diet and exercise
  • individuals grow up, then fill out: peak weight velocity follows peak height velocity (by 2.5-5 months in boys, 3.5-10.5 in girls)
  • food choices made by elders and children choose
36
Q

what issue is now hitting younger generations?

A

childhood obesity

- weight and height need to be and should be proportional

37
Q

relative growth

A
  • body as a whole follows sigmoid pattern; specific parts, tissues, and organs have different growth rates
  • body proportions change from head-heavy, short legged from at birth to adult proportions
  • in adolescence, boys increase in shoulder breadth
38
Q

Important aspect of relative growth

A

all systems of growth develop separately but must work together cohesively
- physical system, cognitive system, perception system

39
Q

physiological maturation

A
  • as children and youth become older, they grow in size and mature
  • children vary in maturation rate
  • it is difficult to infer maturity from age alone, size alone, or age and size together
40
Q

maturation

A

composition working together

  • practice to work on skills not develop
  • football game 25:1
  • not linked to chronological age
41
Q

Big mistake of guardians/parents on the perception early maturation!

A

early maturation does not mean continue at the same rate

42
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A
  • appear as a function of maturation
  • appear at a younger age in early maturers
  • linked to puberty
  • females: increase in estrogen and adipose tissue
  • males: testosterone increase muscle mass
43
Q

When does skill develop?

A

elementary school

44
Q

When does cognitive develop?

A

middle school

45
Q

When girls drop out of physical activity (decrease)? why?

A
  • in middle school
  • drop out of physical activity due to social reasons
  • elders specialize girls at young age as opposed to relate to other sports (club sport, dance, gymnastics)
46
Q

extrinsic influences on postnatal growth

A
  • individuals are especially sensitive during periods of rapid growth
  • catch up growth demonstrates extrinsic influences
  • catch up at different rates
47
Q

adult and aging

A
  • height is stable in adulthood buy may decrease in older adulthood (compression of cartilage pads and osteoporosis)
  • average adult starts gaining weight in the 20s (diet, exercise, nutrition, loss of muscle mass, and pyschological)
48
Q

prenatal development is influenced by what?

A

genetic and extrinsic factors

49
Q

most extrinsic factors are influential through what?

A

nourishment system

- 02 levels

50
Q

growth abnormalities can be caused by what?

A

genes, environment, or both

- ongential or acquired

51
Q

lifestyle changes

A

can have a negative influence on weight

  • diet and nutrition important along with lifestlye
    ex: consistent exercising
52
Q

whole body growth follows what?

A

sigmoid growth pattern (with timing differences between the sexes and between individuals)
- with advancing age, extrinsic factors contribute more to individual variability

53
Q

sigmoid pattern example

A
  • height: 56% weight 87%
  • changes over time, based on sex and age specific
  • height taller 56% of same age and gender weight heavier 87%

Motor Development (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions