Fundamental concepts

Question 1

Motor Development

Answer 1

basic skill of development

Question 2

3 components to Motor Development

Answer 2

strength
coordination
balance

Question 3

Characteristics of Motor Development

Answer 3

• involves change in movement behavior (throughout the lifespan from birth to death)
• is sequential, age-related, continuous (going through one stage to get to another)
• development across lifetime
• depends on underlying processes

Question 4

What is the most important component of skill?

Answer 4

Balance

Question 5

Motor Learning

Answer 5

relatively permanent gains in motor skill capability associated with practice or experience
(majority stay here)
- practice makes skills consistent

Question 6

Motor Control

Answer 6

the neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of movement
(ctrl body despite environment)
- practice is about a 25:1 hr ratio for a football game

Question 7

pyramid

Answer 7

top- motor control
middle- motor learning
bottom- motor development

Question 8

physical growth

Answer 8

quantitative increase in size or body mass
(bone growth- ossification)
- increase size

Question 9

physical maturation

Answer 9

qualitative advance in biological makeup; cell, organ, or system advancement in biochemical composition
- learn to work together (coordination deal with neurological system)

Question 10

Aging

Answer 10

process occurring with passage of time, leading to loss of adaptability or full function and eventually to death
- slow down aging process by staying active

Question 11

constraints

Answer 11

• limit or discourage certain movements
• permit or encourage other movements
• shape movement
  (1st assessment is important on how to help)

Question 12

Newell’s model of constraints

Answer 12

1st- individual constraints
2nd- environmental constraints
3rd- task constraints

Question 13

2 Individual constraints

Answer 13

structural and functional constraints

Question 14

structural constraints

Answer 14

• related to the bodys structure (height and weight)
• from neck down
  exs) osteoporosis, sprains, flexibility, etc

Question 15

functional constraints

Answer 15

• related to behavioral function
• from neck up (anything between 2 ears)
  exs) afraid to fall, failure, fear, depressions, distractions

Question 16

Environmental constraints

Answer 16

• outside the bod: properties of the world around us
• global, not task specific
• physical: gravity and surfaces
• sociocultural: gender roles and cultural norms
  ex) weather

Question 17

Task constraints

Answer 17

• external to the body
• related specifically to tasks or skills: goal of task, rules guiding task performance, and equipment
• be aware of rules
• equipment impacts/influences ones performance (ball may be to big to throw efficiently)

Question 18

universality

Answer 18

individuals in species show great similarity in development

Question 19

variability

Answer 19

individual differences exist