physical examination of urine Flashcards
Name 4 physical characteristics observed in urine
Color, Clarity, Specific Gravity, Odor
Normal color of urine
Yellow
Pigments in urine
Urochrome (yellow)
Uroerythrin (pink)
Urobilin (orange-brown)
Term for colorless urine
Straw
Color observed in first morning urine, patients who are drinking vitamin B complex and are dehydrated
Dark Yellow
Urine color when bilirubin is oxidized to Biliverdin
Yellow-green
Urine color when there is Pseudomonas infection
Green
What causes orange-yellow color
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
Phenindione
What causes blue-green urine?
Amitriptyline;
Methocarbamol (Robaxin);
Clorets;
Methylene blue;
Phenol (Oxidized)
Indican BLUE DIAPER DISEASE
Color caused by Blue Diaper Disease (alkaptonuria)
Blue-green
Urine color when there is hematuria
Pink
Urine color when there hemoglobin and myoglobin are present
Red
T/F: Hemoglobin and myoglobin presence in urine affects clarity.
False. Only intact RBCs (hematuria) disrupt clarity.
Distinct description of porphyrins in urine
Port wine
Urine color when RBCs are oxidized to methemoglobin
Red-brown
What causes Brown color in urine
Homogentisic acid
Urine color produced when there is homogentisid acid, malignant melanoma, melanin phenol derivatives, argyrol, methyldopa or levodopa, metronidazole
Black
Also known as urine transparency
Clarity
Describe clarity: No visible particulates, transparent
Clear
Describe clarity: Few particulates, print easily seen through urine
Hazy
Describe clarity: Many particulates, print blurred through urine
Cloudy
Describe clarity: Print cannot be seen through urine
Turbid
Describe clarity: Precipitated or clotted
Milky
Give non pathologic causes of urine turbidity
Squamous epithelial cells; mucus; amorphous phosphates, carbonates, urates; semen, spermatozoa; fecal contamination, radiographic contrast media; talcum powder; vaginal creams
