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MT6328 > intro to urinalysis > Flashcards

intro to urinalysis Flashcards

1
Q

Wrote a book on uroscopy (5th Century BC)

A

Hippocrates

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2
Q

Developed in 1140 CE to describe the significance of 20 different colors of urine

A

Color charts

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3
Q

Discovered albuminuria by boiling urine (1694)

A

Frederick Dekkers

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4
Q

Developed methods of quantitating microscopic sediments (1925)

A

Thomas Addis

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5
Q

Introduced the concept of urinalysis as part of a doctor’s routine patient examination (1827)

A

Richard Bright

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6
Q

Ultrafiltrate of the plasma

A

Urine

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7
Q

Organic components of urine

A

Urea, Creatinine, Uric Acid

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8
Q

Major inorganic component of urine

A

Chloride

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9
Q

Normal daily urine output

A

1200-1500mL

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10
Q

Decrease in urine output

A

Oliguria

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11
Q

Cessation of urine flow

A

Anuria

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12
Q

Increase in the nocturnal excretion of urine

A

Nocturia

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13
Q

Increase in the daily urine volume

A

Polyuria

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14
Q

Increased or Decreased SG: Diabetes mellitus

A

Increased

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15
Q

Increased or Decreased SG: Diabetes insipidus

A

Decreased

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16
Q

Affected by the number of molecules in the solution

A

Specific Gravity

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of an ideal urine specimen container?

A

Clean, clear, wide mouthed, dry, leak proof, disposable container, 50mL capacity

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18
Q

Specimen volume needed for analysis

A

12mL

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19
Q

T/F: Specimen should be delivered to the laboratory promptly and tested within 3 hours.

A

False. Should be within 2 hours.

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20
Q

T/F: Specimen should be refrigerated (2 to 8C) or have appropriate chemical preservative when there is delay in processing.

A

True

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21
Q

Increased or Decreased Clarity: Bacterial growth

22
Q

Increased or Decreased Odor: Bacterial multiplication or breakdown of urea to ammonia

23
Q

Increased or Decreased pH: Breakdown of urea to ammonia by urease-producing bacteria/loss of CO2

24
Q

Increased or Decreased Glucose: Glycolysis and bacterial use

25
Q

Increased or Decreased Ketones: Volatilization and bacterial metabolism

26
Q

Increased or Decreased Bilirubin: Exposure to light/photooxidation to biliverdin

27
Q

Increased or Decreased Urobilinogen: Oxidation to urobilin

28
Q

Increased or Decreased Nitrite: Multiplication of nitrate-reducing bacteria

29
Q

Increased or Decreased RBC, WBC, & Casts: Disintegration in dilute alkaline urine

30
Q

Increased or Decreased Bacteria: Multiplication

31
Q

Most commonly received specimen

A

Random Specimen

32
Q

Ideal screening specimen

A

First Morning Specimen

33
Q

Used for quantitative testing

A

Timed Specimen

34
Q

Specimen for creatinine clearance

A

24 hour urine

35
Q

Specimen for amylase testing

A

2 hour urine (2AM)

36
Q

Specimen for urobilinogen testing

A

2-hour urine (2PM)

37
Q

Specimen for nitrite determination

A

4-hour urine

38
Q

Collected under sterile conditions by passing a hollow tube (catheter) through the urethra into the bladder

A

Catheterized specimen

39
Q

Safer less traumatic method for obtaining urine; less contaminated by epithelial. ells and bacteria

A

Midstream clean-catch specimen

40
Q

External introduction of a needle thorugh the abdomen

A

Suprapubic Aspiration

41
Q

Three-glass collection

A

Prostatitis specimen

42
Q

3 glasses in prostatitis specimen

A

1: first urine passed (sterile)
2: Midstream portion
3: Urine with Prostate fluid

43
Q

Four-glass urine collection technique

A

Stamey-Mares Test for Prostatitis

44
Q

T/F: 3rd specimen will have WBC/hpf and bacterisl count 10x that of 1st specimen

45
Q

What is 2nd specimen used for

A

Control for kidney and bladder infection

46
Q

Uses soft clear plastic bags with hypoallergenic skin adhesive for collection

A

Pediatric specimen

47
Q

Most vulnerable part of a drug-testing program

A

Urine collection

48
Q

Within how many minutes from the time of collection must urine temperature be taken

49
Q

Range of urine temperature

A

32.5-37.7C

50
Q

Process that involves documentation of proper specimen identification from the time of collection to the receipt of laboratory results

A

Chain of Custody

51
Q

Second voided urine after a period of fasting

A

Fasting specimen

52
Q

Urine collected 2 hours after eating

A

2-hr post prandial specimen

MT6328 (2 decks)

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