PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE PEDIATRIC CLIENTS Flashcards
CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
• Newborns
• Infants
• Toddlers
Birth -1mo. Old
1mo.-12mo. Old
1-3rys old
- Preschoolers
- School-age
- Adolescence
- 3 y.o – 6 y.o)
- 6 y.o – 12 y.o)
- (12 y.o – 20 y.o)
IMPORTANT COMPONENTS THAT SHOULD BE ASSESSED AT EACH TIME PERIOD
• – every visit from birth to 16 years of age
• Height
IMPORTANT COMPONENTS THAT SHOULD BE ASSESSED AT EACH TIME PERIOD
Every visit in the 1st 2 years in life
Head circumference
IMPORTANT COMPONENTS THAT SHOULD BE ASSESSED AT EACH TIME PERIOD
once in the 1st 2 years, once at 4-5 years, during school age years (only if there is a risk or concern about high blood pressure), and every 2nd year during adolescence
Blood pressure
IMPORTANT COMPONENTS THAT SHOULD BE ASSESSED AT EACH TIME PERIOD
Every visit in the 1st year in life
Eye assessment
IMPORTANT COMPONENTS THAT SHOULD BE ASSESSED AT EACH TIME PERIOD
Every visit in the 1st year in life
Strabismus assessment
IMPORTANT COMPONENTS THAT SHOULD BE ASSESSED AT EACH TIME PERIOD
initial screening (e.g., snellen chart) at 3-5 years of age; every 2 years between 6- 10 years of age; then every 3 years until 18 years of age
Visual acuity testing
IMPORTANT COMPONENTS THAT SHOULD BE ASSESSED AT EACH TIME PERIOD
Every visit
Dental assessment – • Speech assessment – • Developmental assessment (MMDST) – • Sexual development
IMPORTANT COMPONENTS THAT SHOULD BE ASSESSED AT EACH TIME PERIOD
– every visit after
child reaches school age
School adjustmen
IMPORTANT COMPONENTS THAT SHOULD BE ASSESSED AT EACH TIME PERIOD
consider during
assessment of children >8 years of age
Chemical abuse
PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES
Undress only the body part being examined or use radiant heat warmer to conserve heat
Newborn
PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES
Examine heart and respiratory system 1st before infant cries then follow head- to-toe procedure
Infants
PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES
Ask parent to remove clothing or allow child to do it independently
Toddler
PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES
Allow toddler to handle equipment such as blowing out otoscope light to relax the child
Toddler
PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES
Perform all manipulative procedures such as throat and ears last
Newborn
PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES
Immunization – according to schedule : at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 18 months and at 4- 6 and 14-16 years
Newborn
PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES
Safety counseling – every visit
• Parenting counseling – every visit
Newborn
Nutrition counseling – from birth to 5
years and for teenagers
Newborn
PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES
Begin examination while parent holds infant in arms or lap to calm the child. Talk the infant as you proceed.
Infants
PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES
Use games such as Simon Says to ease child’s fright
Preschooler
PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES
Ask child to undress but not the underpants.
Preschooler
PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES
- Teach about good health care during examination. Comment on body parts as you examine them.
• Proceed with head-to-toe assessment; leave genitalia for last
Adolescent
PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES
Ask whether child wants parent present or not.
Adolescent
