Physical Enviorment Flashcards
History of urban planning and health 1800s
- people lived in slums (crowded, disease ridden, dirty)
- many disease (TB, typhoid, cholera)
John snow
Beginning of epidemiology
- found what causes of cholera disease (traced it to contaminated water)
**drove city planning
History of urban planning 1900s
-germ theory
- biomedical viewpoint
- behavioural focus on disease
- urban planning and public health were separated
History of urban planning (post WWII)
- promotion of economic growth
- planning : distinct area of practice (separated departments, no big picture)
20th century ideas and impact
- importance of separating residential p, commercial, and industrial land use —> leads to urban sprawl, suburbia and increased dependence on automobiles
- population concentration in urban area unhealthy
21st century health issues because of urban sprawl
- traffic fatalities
- respiring and cardiac illness
- physical inactivity
- air pollution
21st century urban planning
Planning and public sectors working together
- focus on mixed use planning ( apartment buildings and shops)
- non automotive options (public transportation)
Urban planning focus Alberta
- deser urban format
- better street concetivity
- improved transportation options (public and private )
- affordable housing
- nutrition access, air quality, safety concerns
- opportunities for activity
Environment is a
Positive feedback loop
What defines good housing
- proper ventilation
- green areas
- size
- safe environment
- clean water/ heating
- low crime
- affordability
Energy poverty
- being able to attain or afford adequate levels of energy services at home to meet one’s needs, maintain health indoor temperatures, and live a decent life
Percentage of Canadian households the face energy poverty
6-19%
Energy poverty leads to
- increased risk of cardiovascular and respitory diseases, hospitalizations, and mortality; an exacerbation of some chronic diseases;poorer general and mental health
How does homelessness contribute to poor health
- addiction
- poor nutrition
- violence
- exposed to wealthier element s
- rape
- stress
- poor sanitation
- diseases
Is housing a human right in Canada
Yes
Cost of housing
- 2021, 20.9% of Canadian households spent more than 30% on housing
Impacts on cost of housing
- increased likely was of food insecurity
Core housing needed
- living in unsuitable, inadequate or unaffordable dwelling and unable to afford alternative housing
How many canadains lived in core housing needed
1.5 million
8.8% children
Neighborhood impact on health
- area level socioeconomic variables are strongly associated with individual level health outcomes
- neighborhoods impact child readiness for school and development
Neighborhood
Deprivation amplification
- direct relationship between opportunities and the income and education of residence
Pooper and lesss education are more likely to
Live in impoverished neighborhoods
More affluent neighborhoods generate
Better health outcomes for their residence
Disordered neighborhoods
- poorly functioning punlic services
- increased stress, powerlessness, and risky behaviour
Dangerous ecology
- vulnerable people are less likely to be watcher over or offered assistance
- seen more in disordered neighborhoods
- stems from disaster
Social integration
An important factor in safety and health in neighborhoods
Urban planning
- access to recreational facilities and spaces
- adequate lighting at night
- transportation policies
Social housing
- combat high housing prices
- affordable social housing
- housing first initiatives
